Description of Enteropathic Escherichia coli Species in Pediatric Patients at a Quaternary Children’s Hospital

Abstract

Background The epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentations, and outcomes associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotypes in US children are not well understood. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients with a stool sample submitted to the Children’s Hospital Colorado clinical microbiology laboratory for testing with the BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel from October 2015 through October 2017. Results During the study period, 5692 patient stool samples were submitted; 679 (13%) were positive for EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC. Of note, 163/232 (70%) patients with EAEC, 282/493 (57%) with EPEC, and 49/58 (85%) with ETEC had detection of at least 1 other pathogen. Of all E. coli–positive stool samples, only 158/679 (23%) were from low-risk patients who were singly infected with EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC. In this cohort, most cases were associated with acute diarrhea (50%), abdominal pain (61%), and/or cramping (49%) and presented without fever (14%), emesis (28%), or lethargy (7%). Thirteen (8%) of these 158 patients received antibiotics at the time of their initial presentation to care. Of the 145 patients who did not receive antibiotics at their initial visit, 23 (16%) returned to care due to persistence of symptoms. Conclusions Our results suggest that the majority of patients singly infected with EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC present with mild, self-limited, gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. Further research is needed to determine what role these pathogens might play in children who present with chronic or inflammatory GI symptoms.