Description of Immature Stages of the White Mealy-Bug, Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

Awadallah, K. T.; Ammar, El‐Desouky; Rashad, Amira

doi:10.1002/mmnd.19790260103

Dtsch. Entomol. Z.

2008

DOI: 10.1002/mmnd.19790260103

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Description of Immature Stages of the White Mealy-Bug, Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

K. T. Awadallah¹,

El‐Desouky Ammar

Amira Rashad

Abstract: The egg of Ferrisia virgata averages, when newly‐deposited, 393 μ long and 202 μ wide. No definite ovisac could be detected in this species. The three and four nymphal instars of female and male, respectively, can be easily differentiated by the number of antennal segments. The length of the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments differs greatly in the first and second nymphal instars, while the number of segments differs between instars, II, III and IV.

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“…With the exception of records of F. malvastra, all other reports of Ferrisia from outside of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions are of F. virgata. Thus descriptions of immature stages (Awadallah et al 1979a;Paul & Ghose 1989) and studies of the biology (e.g., Ghose & Paul 1972;Awadallah et al 1979b) of F. virgata in Egypt and India probably do refer to this species. Ferrisia virgata has been reported widely as a destructive pest on ornamental plants in India (reviewed by Ghose & Paul 1972).…”

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A taxonomic revision of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of eight new species and a new genus

Kaydan

Gullan

2012

Zootaxa

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The mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway is revised to include 18 species, based on morphological and molecular data. Wedistinguish the widespread pest species F. virgata (Cockerell) from morphologically similar species and provide a reviseddescription and illustration for the adult female of F. virgata. We resurrect Dactylopius dasylirii Cockerell stat. rev. fromsynonymy with Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell as Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) and apply this name to many North Amer-ican and Caribbean populations previously recognised as F. virgata; F. dasylirii is the most difficult to distinguish mor-phologically from F. virgata and exhibits morphological and molecular variation among some populations. We designatea lectotype for D. dasylirii Cockerell. Eight new species of Ferrisia are described and illustrated based on the adult female,and named as Ferrisia colombiana sp. n., F. cristinae sp. n., F. ecuadorensis sp. n., F. kondoi sp. n., F. milleri sp. n., F.pitcairnia sp. n., F. uzinuri sp. n. and F. williamsi sp. n. The relationships of five of these new species and five namedspecies are discussed in relation to a previously published phylogenetic tree that was based on nucleotide sequence data.Taxonomically informative morphological features (such as the size, shape and position of discoidal pores associated withthe dorsal enlarged tubular ducts and the ventral oral-collar tubular ducts), identified for each of the genetic groups (clades)on the tree, are used to help to diagnose the species. We also describe and illustrate the adult female of a form of F. gilliGullan, found on Magnolia and some other host plants, that has numerous clusters of small ventral oral-collar ducts onthe body margins. For seven named species—F. claviseta (Lobdell), F. malvastra (McDaniel), F. meridionalis Williams,F. multiformis Granara de Willink, F. quaintancii (Tinsley), F. setosa (Lobdell) and F. terani Williams & Granara de Will-ink—we provide revised illustrations of the adult females as well as diagnostic morphological notes and information ondistribution and host plants. We also recognise Eurycoccus copallinae Ferris as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of Dactylopiusquaintancii Tinsley (now F. quaintancii) and designate a lectotype for E. copallinae. We include photographs of the liveappearance of the adult females of six Ferrisia species and also a key to all known species of Ferrisia based on the mor-phology of the adult females. We transfer the species currently known as Ferrisia floridana (Ferris) to a new monotypicgenus, Pseudoferrisia gen. n., as Pseudoferrisia floridana (Ferris) comb. n., and provide a description of the genus and its type species (Ferrisiana floridana Ferris), as well as a new illustration of the adult female.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomic revision of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of eight new species and a new genus

Kaydan

Gullan

2012

Zootaxa

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Life-History of the White Mealy - Bug Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

Awadallah¹,

Ammar

Tawfik

et al. 2008

Dtsch. Entomol. Z.

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Five generations of Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) have been reared per year; singly on sprouting potato tubers, although the fifth generation was not completed because of cold weather. This method produces only parthenogenic females, while males and females may be produced by dense rearing. Copulation was never observed, while oviposition behaviour and hatching process were described. Eggs are deposited singly and the incubation period averages 2.11–2.62 hr. with no significant difference under various thermal conditions. Hatchability ranges from 96.2–99.1%. Total nymphal duration in females averages 43.2 and 92.6 days at 28.9 and 16.6°C., respectively, while that in males elapses 25.4 days at 25.1–26.5°CC. Duration of the three nymphal instars of females and the four ones in males are estimated in various generations. The differences in duration between generations and those between instars within each generation were highly significant. Rate of mortality during nymphal stadia in the autumn/winter generations is higher than that in the spring/summer ones; being 14.3–100 and 0–23%, respectively. Longevity of parthenogenic ovipositing and non‐ovipositing females as well as that of males is estimated. The total life period (from egg to adult death) averages 76.2–154.6 days in females opposite to 19–47 in males. Eggs laid by a female averages 64.1–78 eggs; producing 61.6–67.6 nymphs/female/life. Average number of eggs/female/day averages 3.4–4.5 eggs. Three hymenopterous parasites and five predators are found associated with F. virgata. However, numbers of these bioagents are considerably low compared to the relatively high population of the pest.

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Life-History of the White Mealy — Bug Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

Awadallah¹,

Ammar²,

Tawfik³

et al. 1979

Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Dtsch entomol.

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Five generations of Ferrisiu virguru (CKLL.) have been reared per year; singly on sprouting potato tubers, although the fifth generation was not completed because of cold weather. This method produces onlyparthenogenic females, while males and females may be produced by dense rearing. Copulation was never observed, while oviposition behaviour and hatching process were described. Eggs are deposited singly and the incubation period averages 2.11 -2.62 hr. with no significant difference under various thermal conditions. Hatchability ranges from 96.2-99.1 %. Total nymphal duration in females averages 43.2 and 92.6 days at 28.9 and 16.6 "C., respectively, while that in males elapses 25.4 days at 25.1-26.5 "C. Duration of the three nymphal instars of females and the four ones in males are estimated in various generations. The differences in duration between generations and those between instars within each generation were highly significant. Rate of mortality during nymphal stadia in the autumn/winter generations is higher than that in the spring/summer ones; being 14.3-100 and 0-23 %, respectively. Longevity of parthenogenic ovipositing and non-ovipositing females as well as that of males is estimated. The total life period (from egg to adult death) averages 76.2-154.6 days in females opposite to 19-47 in males. Eggs laid by a female averages 64.1-78 eggs; producing 61.6-67.6 nymphs/female/life. Average number of eggs/female/day averages 3.4-4.5 eggs.Three hymenopterous parasites and five predators are found associated with F. virguru. However, numbers of these bioagents are considerably low compared to the relatively high population of the pest.

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Description of Immature Stages of the White Mealy-Bug, Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

A taxonomic revision of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of eight new species and a new genus

A taxonomic revision of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with descriptions of eight new species and a new genus

Life-History of the White Mealy - Bug Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

Life-History of the White Mealy — Bug Ferrisia virgata (CKLL.) (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae)

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