Description of Sunflower Growth Stages<sup>1</sup>

Schneiter, A. A.; Miller, J. F.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183x002100060024x

Cited by 716 publications

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“…To analyze the expression during flower development, we have isolated total RNA from the apical portion of the sunflower plant at different developmental stages, either before (shoot apical meristem) or after inflorescence meristem formation. We have classified the several stages in flower development from R-1 to R-5, according to Schneiter and Miller (1981). The R-1 stage refers to the time when the inflorescence begins to enlarge and is visible as a bud with the bracts closed forming a star-like structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

et al. 2001

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We have used RNA in situ hybridization to analyze the expression of transcripts encoding cytochrome c in different tissues and organs of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Although northern-blot hybridization experiments indicate that the relative abundance of transcripts does not vary greatly, we have detected important changes in localization during flower development. Enhanced expression is observed in floral meristems as soon as they are discernible from the central portion of the capitulum containing the inflorescence meristem. As flowers develop, labeling is observed in all developing floral organ primordia. Later in development, expression in petals is reduced, and only the central portion of the flower becomes labeled. During the process of stamen formation, hybridization signals were obtained mainly in anthers. Less developed flowers at this stage showed expression through the archesporial tissue. During meiosis, the label was observed mainly in tapetal cells. Specific expression patterns, similar to those obtained for sunflower, were observed when Arabidopsis flowers were analyzed with a homologous cytochrome c probe. Specific patterns of expression were also observed in young sunflower roots. In this case, enhanced expression was detected in developing endodermis and pericycle and in protoxylem initials. We conclude that cell-specific mechanisms operate to regulate the abundance of cytochrome c encoding transcripts in different plant tissues. The overlap between the expression patterns of the nuclear encoded cytochrome c gene and some mitochondrial genes suggests the existence of coordinated mechanisms of expression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roots were collected 72 h after germination. Inflorescences at different developmental stages were harvested and classified as defined by Schneiter and Miller (1981). Arabidopsis Heyhn.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

et al. 2001

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“…Infecting was done 28-days after sowing, at the V8 stage of sunflower plant development [20] or its homologous B8 [9], by placing at soil level an infected oat grain on the basal stem of the young plants. At least a dozen sunflower seedlings were infected per pot.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Infection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic responses and diallel analysis for an early resistance test to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflower

Castaño

Baldini

Ré

et al. 2002

OCL

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Résumé : L'évaluation de la performance des génotypes du tournesol aux infections de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum permet d'identifier des nouvelles sources de résistance aux différents types d'attaque produits par ce pathogène. Les tests de résistance, menés la plupart du temps au champ, peuvent fournir des renseignements pertinents sur le niveau de résistance du matériel testé. Ce dernier pouvant ensuite permettre l'obtention de variétés hybrides. Malheureusement les protocoles d'évaluation de résistance actuellement sont couteaux et difficile à mettre en place, donc l'utilisation de tests ayant le but du rétrécissement des coûts et travaux menés doit être considéré d'intérêt. Dans ce contexte cet article décrit le comportement du germplasm de tournesol à base génétique large par moyen d'un test d'évaluation de résistance à S. sclerotiorum réalisé en conditions contrôlées de serre à un stade précoce du développement de la plante. Un plan de croisements diallèle, sans les réciproques, a été suivi en utilisant quatre populations d'origine argentine. Les dix génotypes, c'est-à-dire les 4 populations et leurs 6 descendants, ont été infectés sans blessure en déposant une graine d'avoine contaminée par du mycélium de S. sclerotiorum au niveau du sol et à la base de la jeune tige des plantules au stade quatre paires de feuilles. La proportion de plantules mortes est estimée 25 jours après l'inoculation. L'analyse des données a détecté des réponses significativement différentes parmi les génotypes infectés ainsi que des effets significatifs des aptitudes (générale et spécifique) à la combinaison des populations évaluées. La méthodologie usagée a permis de détecter des populations parentales du tournesol qui pourraient être utilisées en sélection pour leur performance à S. sclerotiorum. L'utilité de ce matériel et du test d'évaluation de résistance à S. sclerotiorum dans les programmes d'amélioration génétique du tournesol est discutée. Summary :The evaluation of sunflower genotypic performance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infections is important for understanding its usefulness as source of resistance. In the field, artificial and natural resistance tests provide important information that can be used in the selection of the best materials, however the procedures for resistance tests are usually both expensive and laborious. This work describes the performance of sunflower genotypes of broad genetic base at an early stage of plant development using a resistance test carried out under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Statistical analysis detected highly significant genotypic responses and the combined abilities effects among the evaluated populations and their offspring, obtained by a diallel crossing system method 2 for dead seedlings (%) at 25 days after S. sclerotiorum infection on the basal stem.Article disponible sur le site http://www.ocl-journal.org ou http://dx

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“…Locations were sampled when oviposition was almost complete and larvae were Schneiter and Miller (1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Hybrid Sunflower Resistance to the Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Anderson

Brewer

1991

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Description of Sunflower Growth Stages¹

Cited by 716 publications

References 0 publications

Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

Genotypic responses and diallel analysis for an early resistance test to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflower

Mechanisms of Hybrid Sunflower Resistance to the Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

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Description of Sunflower Growth Stages1

Cited by 716 publications

References 0 publications

Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Plant Cytochrome cmRNA in Developing Flowers and Roots

Genotypic responses and diallel analysis for an early resistance test to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflower

Mechanisms of Hybrid Sunflower Resistance to the Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

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Description of Sunflower Growth Stages¹