Description of the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic ruminants

Jiménez‐Ruiz, Saúl; Paniagua, Jorge; Isla, Julio; Martínez-Padilla, Ana Belén; Risalde, María Ángeles; Caballero‐Gómez, Javier; Cano‐Terriza, David; Pujols, Joan; Arenas, Antonio; García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2019.06.002

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It should also be noted that most of previous serosurveys were carried out during the first epidemic period (2011–2013). In connection with this, the seropositivity obtained in our study in the province of Cordoba (29.0%) was markedly lower than that reported a year after the first outbreak was detected in Spain in the same species and region (42.6%) (Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019). Our results highlight a decrease in seroprevalence of SBV in small ruminant populations in the study area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The sensitivity and specificity values provided by the manufacturer were 99%. This bELISA has been used previously in different studies of domestic and wild ruminant species (García‐Bocanegra et al., 2017; Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first SBD outbreak in Spain was reported in March 2012 (Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019) in a small ruminant flock in the south of the country. A high SBV seroprevalence (up to 54.4%) was found on nearby farms and in other central and northwestern Spanish regions a year after this outbreak was detected (Table S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, information about SBV distribution in small ruminants in Spain is still very scarce and tends to be limited to local studies focused on the early period after the emergence of the virus in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV infection in sheep and goats in Andalusia (southern Spain), the region where the first SBD outbreak in Spain was reported (Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological surveillance of Schmallenberg virus in small ruminants in southern Spain

Jiménez‐Martín

Cano‐Terriza

Cao

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is a vector-borne disease transmitted among domestic and wild ruminants by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. The aetiological agent, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), is an Orthobunyavirus belonging to the Simbu serogroup (family Peribunyaviridae), and infection is generally asymptomatic or self-limiting in adult ruminants. Clinical signs reported in cattle include acute fever, diarrhoea and decreased dairy production (<50%), while diarrhoea, nasal discharge and reduction in milk yield have been observed in small ruminants. The disease is also characterized by reproductive disorders in naïve pregnant ruminants infected during the period of maximum susceptibility (between days 28-50 and 76-174 of gestation in small ruminants and cattle, respectively), which include abortions, stillbirths and congenital malformations described as arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome (EFSA, 2014). Other findings such as ankylosis, torticollis, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, brachygnathia, cerebellar hypoplasia or thymus hyperplasia have also been reported in domestic ruminants (Rodríguez-Prieto et al., 2016). Experimental SBV infection in these species predominantly results in a short viraemic phase followed by seroconversion approximately two weeks later (Laloy et al., 2015;Wernike et al., 2013). Adult animals acquire effective immune protection after natural infection and

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological surveillance of Schmallenberg virus in small ruminants in southern Spain

Jiménez‐Martín

Cano‐Terriza

Cao

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…SBV was first reported in cattle on the German‐Dutch border in summer 2011 (Hoffmann et al., 2012) and since then, it has emerged and re‐emerged in livestock in most European countries incurring significant productivity losses, international trade restrictions and veterinary costs (European Food Safety Authority, 2014; Stavrou, Daly, Maddison, Gough, & Tarlinton, 2017). Spain reported the first outbreaks of Schmallenberg disease (SBD) in sheep in 2012 (Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019) and in cattle in 2013 (Balseiro, Royo, Gómez Antona, & García Marín, 2015) in southern and central regions of the country, respectively. Although no further cases have been reported to date, SBV circulation has been found regionally in livestock, with seroprevalence values ranging between 54.4% and 75.6% (Fernández‐Aguilar et al., 2014; Jiménez‐Ruiz et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurveillance of Schmallenberg virus in wild ruminants in Spain

Jiménez‐Ruiz

Risalde

Acevedo

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging vector-borne disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. A long-term serosurvey was conducted to assess exposure to Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in all the wild ruminant species present in mainland Spain. Between 2010 and 2016, sera from 1,216 animals were tested for antibodies against SBV using a commercial blocking ELISA. The overall prevalence of antibodies was 27.1% (95%CI: 24.7-29.7). Statistically significant differences among species were observed, with significantly higher seropositivity found in fallow deer (Dama dama) (45.6%; 99/217), red deer (Cervus elaphus) (31.6%; 97/307) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) (28.0%; 33/118) compared to Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) (22.2%; 8/36), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) (19.9%; 49/246), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (17.5%; 34/194) and Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) (10.2%; 10/98). Seropositive animals were detected in 81.4% (57/70; 95%CI: 70.8-88.8) of the sampled populations. SBV seroprevalence ranged from 18.8% (48/256) in bioregion (BR)2 (north-central, Mediterranean) to 32.3% (31/96) in BR1 (northeastern orAtlantic, Eurosiberian). Anti-SBV antibodies were not found before 2012, when the first outbreak of SBD was reported in Spain. In contrast, seropositivity was detected uninterruptedly during the period 2012-2016 and anti-SBV antibodies were found in yearling animals in each of these years. Our results provide evidence of widespread endemic circulation of SBV among wild ruminant populations in mainland Spain in recent years. Surveillance in these species could be a useful tool for monitoring SBV in Europe, particularly in areas where wild ruminants share habitats with livestock.

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