Description of the first sleeping sickness case diagnosed in Burkina Faso since two decades

Dama, Emilie; Drabo, Aboubacar Lakinapin; Kaboré, Jacques; Ouédraogo, Elie; Coulibaly, Bamoro; Ilboudo, Hamidou; Kaboré, Justin Windingoudi; Compaoré, Charlie Franck Alfred; Sakandé, Hassane; Ouédraogo, Micheline; Rayaissé, Jean-Baptiste; Courtin, Fabrice; Solano, Philippe; Drabo, François; Jamonneau, Vincent

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006677

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In Côte d’Ivoire the number of cases per year remains below 5, despite control and surveillance activities having been reinforced. One autochthonous case was detected in Burkina Faso in 2015 by the integrated passive surveillance system [19]. This case occurred more than 15 years after the last autochthonous case in the country.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Update to 2016

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination ‘as a public health problem’ by 2020. The indicators to monitor progress towards the target are based on the number of reported cases, the related areas and populations exposed at various levels of risk, and the coverage of surveillance activities. Based on data provided by the National Sleeping Sickness Control Programmes (NSSCP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and research institutions—and assembled in the Atlas of HAT—the World Health Organization (WHO) provides here an update to 2016 for these indicators, as well as an analysis of the epidemiological situation.ResultsTrends for the two primary indicators of elimination are on track for the 2020 goal: 2,164 cases of HAT were reported in 2016 (as compared to the milestone of 4,000 cases), and for the period 2012–2016 280,000 km2 are estimated to be at moderate risk or higher (i.e. ≥ 1 case/10,000 people/year), as compared to the milestone of 230,000 km2. These figures correspond to reductions of 92% and 61% as compared to the respective baselines (i.e. 26,550 HAT cases in the year 2000, and 709,000 km2 exposed at various levels of risk for the period 2000–2004). Among the secondary indicators, an overall improvement in the coverage of at risk populations by surveillance activities was observed. Regarding passive surveillance, the number of fixed health facilities providing gambiense HAT diagnosis or treatment expanded, with 1,338 enumerated in endemic countries in 2017 (+52% as compared to the survey completed only sixteen months earlier). Concerning rhodesiense HAT, 124 health facilities currently provide diagnosis or treatment. The broadening of passive surveillance is occurring in a context of fairly stable intensity of active case finding, with between 1.8 million and 2.4 million people screened per year over the period 2012–2016.DiscussionElimination of HAT as a public health problem by 2020 seems within reach, as the epidemiological trends observed in previous years are confirmed in this latest 2016 monitoring update. However, looking beyond 2020, and in particular to the 2030 goal of elimination of transmission as zero cases for the gambiense form of the disease only, there is no room for complacency. Challenges still abound, including ensuring the effective integration of HAT control activities in the health system, sustaining the commitment of donors and HAT endemic countries, and clarifying the extent of the threat posed by cryptic reservoirs (e.g. human asymptomatic carriers and the possible animal reservoirs in gambiense HAT epidemiology). WHO provides through the network for HAT elimination the essential coordination of the wide range of stakeholders to ensure synergy of efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Update to 2016

et al. 2018

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“…It is used to identify among the parasitologically unconfirmed seropositive subjects, those who are or have been in contact with T.b. gambiense [4, 6, 14, 19, 21–24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34]. TL is now also implemented in some diagnostic algorithms for gambiense -HAT [25, 40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune trypanolysis test as a promising bioassay to monitor the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

Dama

Camara

Kaba³

et al. 2019

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of gambiense-Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination as a public health problem for 2020 and interruption of transmission in humans for 2030. In this context, it is crucial to monitor progress towards these targets using accurate tools to assess the level of transmission in a given area. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of the immune trypanolysis test (TL) as a population-based bioassay to evaluate Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmission in various epidemiological contexts. Significant correlations were observed between HAT endemicity levels and the percentage of TL-positive individuals in the population. TL therefore appears to be a suitable population-based biomarker of the intensity of transmission. In addition to being used as a tool to assess the HAT status at an individual level, assessing the proportion of TL positive individuals in the population appears as a promising and easy alternative to monitor the elimination of gambiense HAT in a given area.

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“…brucei gambiense in any organ of tsetse in a g-HAT focus that has been recently active should certainly be used as a signal to reinforce surveillance. Of course, the same applies when detecting a human case, as recently described in Burkina Faso [ 28 ] or modelled in DRC [ 29 ].…”

Section: Proposal For Entomologically Based Indicators To Help Assessing Interruption Of T B mentioning

confidence: 84%