Description of the male, larva and nymphal stages of Cryptocellus iaci (Arachnida, Ricinulei), with an overview of tarsal sensilla and other integumental structures

Abstract

The male, larva and nymphal stages of Cryptocellus iaci Tourinho, Lo Man-Hung & Bonaldo, 2010, a species previously known only from a single female, are described based on specimens from around the type locality, in an area of both Terra Firme forest and igapó (flooded forests), at the Jufari River, Roraima State, Brazil. The specimens were illustrated using live photography, stereomicroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, allowing us to examine and describe the large diversity of tarsal sensilla and other integumental structures in Cryptocellus and to compare them to those of the previously studied Pseudocellus. Based on the male somatic characters Cryptocellus iaci is placed in the foedus species-group. Cryptocellus iaci has two sensilla of type 1 on the distal tarsomeres of legs III (DT III), while only one has been reported for Pseudocellus spp., suggesting a potential value in this type of character for systematic studies of the group.

The integumentary ultrastructure of Cryptocellus bordoni Dumitresco and Jurvara-Bals, 1976 (Arachnida, Ricinulei)

“…Van der Hammem (1979) described nine integumentary structures present in Ricinoides karschii (Hansen and Sorensen, 1904). Recently some studies documented the rich integumentary structures of both legs and body in Ricinulei after thirty years past the first publication regarding them (Salvatierra et al, 2013;Tourinho et al, 2014;Botero-Trujillo, 2014). The integumentary system of Ricinulei performs olfactory, gustatory, mechanical (surface adhesion, reduction of surface tension) and mechanosensorial function (detection of vibration stimulus) (Talarico et al, 2006).…”

“…Terminology of tarsomeres and integumental structures follows Pittard and Mitchell (1972), Talarico et al (2005Talarico et al ( , 2006, Salvatierra et al (2013) and Tourinho et al (2014). The terminology of structures described in Dumitresco and Juvara-Bals (1976) were provided by translating the name to English (the original paper was published in French).…”

“…The structures observed in C. bordoni were compared to the information present in seven studies dealing with the description of the integumentary ultrastructure among Cryptocellus, Pseudocellus and Ricinoides species (Pittard and Mitchell, 1972;Legg, 1976;Van der Hammen, 1979;Talarico et al, 2005Talarico et al, , 2006Talarico et al, , 2008Salvatierra et al, 2013;Tourinho et al, 2014).…”

“…In the last 10 years efforts have been made to collect specimens of Ricinulei and bring the knowledge and diversity of this group to a more realistic level. However, some species are still only known by their type material, and only recently new species have been described based on larger type series including all free-living stages-Ricinulei along with the order Acari are the only groups of Arachnida with a recognizable larvae, juvenile and adult stages (Salvatierra et al, 2013;Tourinho et al, 2014;Botero-Trujillo, 2014).…”

New species of the harvestmen Hutamaia (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae: Ampycinae) and generic diagnosis

“…Phenotypic similarity among species of the same genus, or even of the same family, is also common in other groups inhabiting the Amazon basin, e.g. species of the order Ricinulei (TOURINHO & AZEVEDO 2007, TOURINHO et al 2010, SALVATIERRA et al 2013 and other harvestmen (A.L. Tourinho, unpubl.…”