Description of Trichotokara nothriae n. gen. et sp. (Apicomplexa, Lecudinidae) – An intestinal gregarine of Nothria conchylega (Polychaeta, Onuphidae)

Rueckert, Sonja; Leander, Brian S.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2010.03.005

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…As reflected in our previous studies (Landers and Leander ; Leander ; Leander et al. ; Rueckert and Leander ; Rueckert et al. , ,b, ; Wakeman and Leander , ), we advocate a very different point of view and path forward using SC‐PCR and comparative analyses of molecular markers (e.g., SSU rDNA) to more precisely determine the boundaries between gregarine species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Along these lines, the use of molecular markers, especially SSU rDNA sequences, for evaluating the diversity of marine gregarines has been very informative for delimiting closely related species from one another and for discovering major clades of gregarine species (Leander et al. ; Rueckert and Leander ; Rueckert et al. , ,b, ; Wakeman and Leander ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Tube‐forming Polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae, and Serpulidae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Selenidium

Wakeman

Leander

2013

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Selenidium is a genus of gregarine parasites that infect the intestines of marine invertebrates and have morphological, ecological, and motility traits inferred to reflect the early evolutionary history of apicomplexans. Because the overall diversity and phylogenetic position(s) of these species remain poorly understood, we performed a species discovery survey of Selenidium from tube-forming polychaetes. This survey uncovered five different morphotypes of trophozoites (feeding stages) living within the intestines of three different polychaete hosts. We acquired small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences from single-cell (trophozoite) isolates, representing all five morphotypes that were also imaged with light and scanning electron microscopy. The combination of molecular, ecological, and morphological data provided evidence for four novel species of Selenidium, two of which were established in this study: Selenidium neosabellariae n. sp. and Selenidium sensimae n. sp. The trophozoites of these species differed from one another in the overall shape of the cell, the specific shape of the posterior end, the number and form of longitudinal striations, the presence/absence of transverse striations, and the position and shape of the nucleus. A fifth morphotype of Selenidium, isolated from the tube worm Dodecaceria concharum, was inferred to have been previously described as Selenidium cf. echinatum, based on general trophozoite morphology and host association. Phylogenetic analyses of the SSU rDNA sequences resulted in a robust clade of Selenidium species collected from tube-forming polychaetes, consisting of the two new species, the two additional morphotypes, S. cf. echinatum, and four previously described species (Selenidium serpulae, Selenidium boccardiellae, Selenidium idanthyrsae, and Selenidium cf. mesnili). Genetic distances between the SSU rDNA sequences in this clade distinguished closely related and potential cryptic species of Selenidium that were otherwise very similar in trophozoite morphology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Tube‐forming Polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae, and Serpulidae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Selenidium

Wakeman

Leander

2013

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Molecular phylogenetic studies of gregarines are limited in sampling and largely rely on small subunit (SSU or 18S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (Carreno, Martin & Barta, 1999; Leander, Clopton & Keeling, 2003; Leander, Harper & Keeling, 2003; Leander et al, 2006; Leander, 2007; Lepelletier et al, 2014; Rueckert & Leander, 2008, 2009, 2010; Clopton, 2009; Rueckert, Chantangsi & Leander, 2010; Rueckert et al, 2011, 2015; Rueckert, Villette & Leander, 2011; Rueckert, Wakeman & Leander, 2013; Wakeman & Leander, 2013a; Wakeman & Leander, 2012, 2013b; Wakeman, Heintzelman & Leander, 2014; Wakeman et al, 2014; Diakin, Wakeman & Valigurová, 2017). Gregarines have been also detected in environmental sequence surveys from various marine and freshwater samples, possibly because oocysts are stable in the environment (Rueckert et al, 2011; Janouškovec et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new view on the morphology and phylogeny of eugregarines suggested by the evidence from the gregarineAncora sagittata(Leuckart, 1860) Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida)

Simdyanov

Guillou

Diakin

et al. 2017

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BackgroundGregarines are a group of early branching Apicomplexa parasitizing invertebrate animals. Despite their wide distribution and relevance to the understanding the phylogenesis of apicomplexans, gregarines remain understudied: light microscopy data are insufficient for classification, and electron microscopy and molecular data are fragmentary and overlap only partially.MethodsScanning and transmission electron microscopy, PCR, DNA cloning and sequencing (Sanger and NGS), molecular phylogenetic analyses using ribosomal RNA genes (18S (SSU), 5.8S, and 28S (LSU) ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs)).Results and DiscussionWe present the results of an ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic study on the marine gregarine Ancora sagittata from the polychaete Capitella capitata followed by evolutionary and taxonomic synthesis of the morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence on eugregarines. The ultrastructure of Ancora sagittata generally corresponds to that of other eugregarines, but reveals some differences in epicytic folds (crests) and attachment apparatus to gregarines in the family Lecudinidae, where Ancora sagittata has been classified. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on SSU (18S) rDNA reveal several robust clades (superfamilies) of eugregarines, including Ancoroidea superfam. nov., which comprises two families (Ancoridae fam. nov. and Polyplicariidae) and branches separately from the Lecudinidae; thus, all representatives of Ancoroidea are here officially removed from the Lecudinidae. Analysis of sequence data also points to possible cryptic species within Ancora sagittata and the inclusion of numerous environmental sequences from anoxic habitats within the Ancoroidea. LSU (28S) rDNA phylogenies, unlike the analysis of SSU rDNA alone, recover a well-supported monophyly of the gregarines involved (eugregarines), although this conclusion is currently limited by sparse taxon sampling and the presence of fast-evolving sequences in some species. Comparative morphological analyses of gregarine teguments and attachment organelles lead us to revise their terminology. The terms “longitudinal folds” and “mucron” are restricted to archigregarines, whereas the terms “epicystic crests” and “epimerite” are proposed to describe the candidate synapomorphies of eugregarines, which, consequently, are considered as a monophyletic group. Abolishing the suborders Aseptata and Septata, incorporating neogregarines into the Eugregarinida, and treating the major molecular phylogenetic lineages of eugregarines as superfamilies appear as the best way of reconciling recent morphological and molecular evidence. Accordingly, the diagnosis of the order Eugregarinida Léger, 1900 is updated.

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“…The trophozoite surface of most eugregarines has hundreds of densely packed epicytic folds that run along the longitudinal axis of the cell (Leander et al. ; Rueckert and Leander ; Rueckert et al. ).…”

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Molecular Phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), Including Descriptions of Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., from the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and Two New Species of Selenidium

Wakeman

Leander

2012

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Although archigregarines are poorly understood intestinal parasites of marine invertebrates, they are critical for understanding the earliest stages in the evolution of the Apicomplexa. Previous studies suggest that archigregarines are a paraphyletic stem group from which other lineages of gregarines, and possibly all other groups of apicomplexans, evolved. However, substantiating this inference is difficult because molecular phylogenetic data from archigregarines, in particular, and other gregarines, in general, are severely limited. In an attempt to help fill gaps in our knowledge of archigregarine diversity and phylogeny, we set out to discover and characterize novel lineages of archigregarines with high-resolution light and scanning electron microscopy and analyses of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences derived from single-cell (SC) PCR techniques. Here, we describe two novel species of Selenidium, namely Selenidium idanthyrsae n. sp. and S. boccardiellae n. sp., and demonstrate the surface morphology and molecular phylogenetic position of the previously reported species S. cf. mesnili. We also describe a novel genus of archigregarine, Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., which branches with an environmental sequence and, together, forms the nearest sister lineage to a diverse clade of marine eugregarines (i.e. lecudinids and urosporids). This molecular phylogenetic result is consistent with the hypothesis that archigregarines are deeply paraphyletic within apicomplexans, and suggests that convergent evolution played an important role in shaping the diversity of eugregarine trophozoites.

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Description of Trichotokara nothriae n. gen. et sp. (Apicomplexa, Lecudinidae) – An intestinal gregarine of Nothria conchylega (Polychaeta, Onuphidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Tube‐forming Polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae, and Serpulidae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Selenidium

Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Tube‐forming Polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae, and Serpulidae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Selenidium

A new view on the morphology and phylogeny of eugregarines suggested by the evidence from the gregarineAncora sagittata(Leuckart, 1860) Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida)

Molecular Phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), Including Descriptions of Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., from the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and Two New Species of Selenidium

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