Description of two new species of Progonyleptoidellus (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with a cladistic analysis of the genus, an overview of relationships in the K92 group, and taxonomic notes on Deltaspidium

Abstract

As part of an ongoing revision and cladistic analysis of the “K92 clade” (Gonyleptidae), the Brazilian genus Progonyleptoidellus Piza, 1940 is revised and two new species from São Paulo State are described: P. bocaina sp. nov. and P. picinguaba sp. nov. A cladistic analysis of the genus was performed using these two new species plus the three previously described species of the genus [P. fuscopictus (B. Soares, 1942); P. orguensis (Soares & Soares, 1954); and P. striatus (Roewer, 1913)], and 25 more additional gonyleptoid outgroup species, most being representatives of the K92 clade. The data matrix is composed of 109 characters: three from the ocularium, 24 from the dorsal scutum, six from the free tergites, nine from the pedipalp, 41 from the legs and 26 from male genitalia. The genus Progonyleptoidellus was recovered as monophyletic only with the exclusion of P. orguensis and was supported on the basis of only one exclusive synapomorphy: presence of dry-marks on sulci of dorsal scutum. Based on the cladistic analysis, P. orguensis was reallocated in Deltaspidium Roewer, 1927, herein considered a senior synonym of Adhynastes Roewer, 1930, and two new combinations are proposed: Deltaspidium orguense (Soares & Soares, 1954) and Deltaspidium tenue (Roewer, 1930). Diagnoses are given for Progonyleptoidellus, the previously described species, (P. fuscopictus and P. striatus) and the two new species.

Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmenNeosadocusMello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

“…Our results also show a close relationship between Neosadocus and other Progonyleptoidellinae species, especially Iguapeia melanocephala and Iporangaia pustulosa . This proximity had been previously hypothesized by Pinto-da-Rocha et al (2014) [42] and Benedetti & Pinto-da-Rocha (2019) [54], also based on molecular data. Caetano & Machado (2013) [75] also suggested that Neosadocus and Progonyleptoidellinae are closely related, based on behavioral, chemical and ecological data.…”

“…Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926: 378 [13]; Kury, 2003: 134 (complete citation listing until 2003) [2]; Machado et al, 2004: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, figs 2–2b, 11, 14, 18, 19 [51]; Willemart et al, 2007: 40, 41, fig 1, 42, fig 3, 43, fig 4, 44, figs 5 and 7, 46, 47, figs 11–12, 48, figs 13–17, 50, 51, figs 25–27, 52 [52]; Coronato-Ribeiro et al, 2013: 505 [53]; Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014: 527 [42]; Benedetti & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2019: 487 [54].…”

“…Neosadocus maximus : Kury, 1995: 205 [15]; 2003: 135 [2]; Osses et al, 2008: 519, 520, 522, figs 1–2, 523, figs 4–5, 524, 525 [9]; Willemart et al, 2009: 52, 53, 54, figs 1–2, 55, figs 3–4, 56, fig 5, 57, 58 [10]; Rocha et al, 2011: 658, 659, 660, fig 4, 661, figs 5–5b [65]; Resende et al, 2012: 101, 102 [6]; Chelini & Machado, 2012: 1620, fig 1, 1621, 1622, 1623, fig 2, 1624, fig 3, 1625, 1626 [12]; 2014: 1148, 1149, 1150, fig 1, 1151, fig 2, 1152 [66]; Buzatto & Machado, 2014: 4 [67]; Buzatto et al, 2014: 1681 [68]; Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014: 522, 534 [42]; Benedetti & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2019: 462, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470 [54].…”

Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmen Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

“…Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926: 355, 378 [ 13 ] (key; diag; dist); Kury, 2003: 134 (complete citation list until 2003) [ 2 ] (cat); Machado et al, 2004: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, figs 2–2b, 11, 14, 18, 19 [ 55 ] (biol); Willemart et al, 2007: 40, 41, fig 1, 42, fig 3, 43, fig 4, 44, figs 5 and 7, 46, 47, figs 11–12, 48, figs 13–17, 50, 51, figs 25–27, 52 [ 56 ] (biol); Coronato-Ribeiro et al, 2013: 505 [ 57 ] (cat); Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014: 527 [ 46 ] (syst); Benedetti & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2019: 487 [ 58 ] (mat; syst); Kury et al 2020: 35 [ 19 ] (cat). Type species : Sadocus bufo Mello-Leitão, 1923, by original designation.…”

“…Neosadocus maximus : Kury, 1995: 205 [ 18 ] (diag; dist); 2003: 135 [ 2 ] (cat); Osses et al, 2008: 519, 520, 522, figs 1–2, 523, figs 4–5, 524, 525 [ 9 ] (biol); Willemart et al, 2009: 52, 53, 54, figs 1–2, 55, figs 3–4, 56, fig 5, 57, 58 [ 10 ] (biol); Rocha et al, 2011: 658, 659, 660, fig 4, 661, figs 5–5b [ 67 ] (biol); Resende et al, 2012: 101, 102 [ 6 ] (cit); Chelini & Machado, 2012: 1620, fig 1, 1621, 1622, 1623, fig 2, 1624, fig 3, 1625, 1626 [ 12 ] (biol); 2014: 1148, 1149, 1150, fig 1, 1151, fig 2, 1152 [ 68 ] (biol); Buzatto & Machado, 2014: 4 [ 69 ] (cit); Buzatto et al, 2014: 1681 [ 70 ] (biol; cit); Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014: 522, 534 [ 46 ] (syst); Benedetti & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2019: 462, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470 [ 58 ] (mat; syst).…”