Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia

Sharif, Shukri; Arshad, Siti Suri; Hair-Bejo, M.; Omar, Abdul Rahman; Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah; Lau, Seng Fong; Rahman, Nor-Alimah; Arshad, Habibah; Shamsudin, Shahirudin; Isa, Mohd-Kamarudin A

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-52-1

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although evidence of FIP have been reported among cat population in Malaysia [5,6], the circulating FCoV virus neither isolated nor characterized. Thus, the objectives of this study are to isolate and determine the FCoV biotypes occurring in Malaysia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral RNA was extracted from infected cell cultures or Ascites fluid using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was performed using Access RT-PCR system (Promega, USA) [6] with previously described primers p205 and p211 [16]. Positive samples were further differentiated into type I and type II FCoV using biotypes specific oligonucleotide primers targeting S-gene region [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia

Alazawy

Suri

Rahman

et al. 2012

Virol J

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BackgroundFeline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) are two important coronaviruses of domestic cat worldwide. Although FCoV is prevalent among cats; the fastidious nature of type I FCoV to grow on cell culture has limited further studies on tissue tropism and pathogenesis of FCoV. While several studies reported serological evidence for FCoV in Malaysia, neither the circulating FCoV isolated nor its biotypes determined. This study for the first time, describes the isolation and biotypes determination of type I and type II FCoV from naturally infected cats in Malaysia.FindingsOf the total number of cats sampled, 95% (40/42) were RT-PCR positive for FCoV. Inoculation of clinical samples into Crandell feline kidney cells (CrFK), and Feline catus whole fetus-4 cells (Fcwf-4), show cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized by syncytial cells formation and later cell detachment. Differentiation of FCoV biotypes using RT-PCR assay revealed that, 97.5% and 2.5% of local isolates were type I and type II FCoV, respectively. These isolates had high sequence homology and phylogenetic similarity with several FCoV isolates from Europe, South East Asia and USA.ConclusionsThis study reported the successful isolation of local type I and type II FCoV evident with formation of cytopathic effects in two types of cell cultures namely the CrFK and Fcwf-4 , where the later cells being more permissive. However, the RT-PCR assay is more sensitive in detecting the antigen in suspected samples as compared to virus isolation in cell culture. The present study indicated that type I FCoV is more prevalent among cats in Malaysia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia

Alazawy

Suri

Rahman

et al. 2012

Virol J

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“…Serologic differences are due to canine coronavirus S protein sequences encoded by the ORF 3a and S gene regions . Type I FECVs/FIPVs predominate in Europe and the Americas, while up to 25% or more feline coronaviruses from Asian countries are type II (Sharif et al, 2010;An et al, 2011;Amer et al, 2012). The exact origin of type II feline coronaviruses is unknown, but their genetic variability suggests that they are continuously being generated.…”

Section: Types I and Ii Feline Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Virology and immunopathogenesis

Pedersen

2014

The Veterinary Journal

185

264

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) continues to be one of the most researched infectious diseases of cats. The relatively high mortality of FIP, especially for younger cats from catteries and shelters, should be reason enough to stimulate such intense interest. However, it is the complexity of the disease and the grudging manner in which it yields its secrets that most fascinate researchers. Feline leukemia virus infection was conquered in less than two decades and the mysteries of feline immunodeficiency virus were largely unraveled in several years. After a half century, FIP remains one of the last important infections of cats for which we have no single diagnostic test, no vaccine and no definitive explanations for how virus and host interact to cause disease. How can a ubiquitous and largely non-pathogenic enteric coronavirus transform into a highly lethal pathogen? What are the interactions between host and virus that determine both disease form (wet or dry) and outcome (death or resistance)? Why is it so difficult, and perhaps impossible, to develop a vaccine for FIP? What role do genetics play in disease susceptibility? This review will explore research conducted over the last 5 years that attempts to answer these and other questions. Although much has been learned about FIP in the last 5 years, the ultimate answers remain for yet more studies.

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“…The vast majority of the natural infections (80-95%) in Europe and America are caused by serotype I FCoVs, while serotype II FCoVs are less common in the field (Benetka et al, 2004;Kummrow et al, 2005). Furthermore, serotype II FCoVs have predominantly been observed in Asia and they were reported to be responsible for up to 25% of the natural infections in those countries (Amer et al, 2012;An et al, 2011;Sharif et al, 2010). There is consistent evidence from independent studies that serotype II viruses emerge via double homologous recombination between serotype I FCoV and CCoV Haijema et al, 2007;Herrewegh et al, 1998;Lin et al, 2013;Lorusso et al, 2008;Terada et al, 2014).…”

Section: Fcov Serotypes and Cellular Receptor Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Coronaviruses

Tekes

Thiel

2016

Advances in Virus Research

124

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) belongs to the few animal virus diseases in which, in the course of a generally harmless persistent infection, a virus acquires a small number of mutations that fundamentally change its pathogenicity, invariably resulting in a fatal outcome. The causative agent of this deadly disease, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), arises from feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). The review summarizes our current knowledge of the genome and proteome of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs), focusing on the viral surface (spike) protein S and the five accessory proteins. We also review the current classification of FCoVs into distinct serotypes and biotypes, cellular receptors of FCoVs and their presumed role in viral virulence, and discuss other aspects of FIPV-induced pathogenesis. Our current knowledge of genetic differences between FECVs and FIPVs has been mainly based on comparative sequence analyses that revealed "discriminatory" mutations that are present in FIPVs but not in FECVs. Most of these mutations result in amino acid substitutions in the S protein and these may have a critical role in the switch from FECV to FIPV. In most cases, the precise roles of these mutations in the molecular pathogenesis of FIP have not been tested experimentally in the natural host, mainly due to the lack of suitable experimental tools including genetically engineered virus mutants. We discuss the recent progress in the development of FCoV reverse genetics systems suitable to generate recombinant field viruses containing appropriate mutations for in vivo studies.

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Descriptive distribution and phylogenetic analysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates of Malaysia

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia

Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia

An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Virology and immunopathogenesis

Feline Coronaviruses

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