Descriptive statistics

Kaur, Parampreet; Stoltzfus, Jill; Yellapu, Vikas

doi:10.4103/ijam.ijam_7_18

Cited by 214 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Nick (2007) claims that descriptive statistics usually use samples to estimate population characteristics. Kaur et al (2018) point out that descriptive statistics can summarize raw data from participants. Descriptive statistics in the research include cross tabulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Games and Tourism – Tourism Motivations of Chinese Video Game Players

Xu¹

2021

Preprint

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This thesis discusses the impact of video games on the tourism motivation of Chinese video game players, focusing on the Assassin’s Creed series of games. Four research questions are considered: What is the difference between the travelers’ tourism motivations and non-travelers’ tourism motivations in Chinese Assassin’s Creed players in terms of push and pull factors? What is the relationship between demographic characteristics and tourism motivations? Do gamer typologies have impact on Chinese Assassin’s Creed players’ tourism motivations? What impact does time and frequencies of playing Assassin’s Creed have on players’ tourism motivations in terms of push and pull factors? The review of literature focuses on video game players, video games and tourism, popular culture tourism and tourism motivation. The thesis identifies gaps in knowledge about the tourism motivations of Chinese video game players, and the relationship between tourism motivations and player typologies and participation in the game (time and frequency). As non-travelers are included in the data collection, it is found that the tourism motivation of non-travelers is also a knowledge gap through reviewing literature. Motivational push and pull factors as the theoretical basis of this research and the study focuses on the Assassin’s Creed games series. The study uses a quantitative method and collects data through an online survey of Chinese gamers recruited through three Assassin’s Creed online communities. The first stage of data collection focused on those who had travelled to France, Italy or the UK, the locations appearing in four of the Assassin’s Creed games. 29 useable responses were collected. The second stage broadened the sample to include those gamers who had not travelled to these places (termed non-travelers). This generated 131 useable responses, making 160 respondents in total. For Chinese video game players, novelty was the most important push factor motivating travel to the Western European countries appearing in the Assassin’s Creed games. The location attribute was the most important pull factor. There is no difference in the reported tourism motivation of travelers and non-travelers. Comparing tourism motivations by age, sociality and location attributes were not different, however, respondents aged 18 to 25 had higher importance in novelty and game-related push and pull tourism motivation factors than older gamers. There was no significant difference between male and female players' tourism push and pull motivations. Based on gaming motivation, the respondents are divided into two types: hardcore players (having multiple gaming motivations) and casual players (play games for passing time). Hardcore players give higher importance to tourism motivations than casual players. More-involved players give higher importance to tourism push motivations relating to video game than less-involved players. In popular culture tourism research, there are few explorations related to video games. The research on video games and tourism has mainly focused on the gamification of tourism marketing and travel experience. This thesis is one of a few studies of gamers and tourism. Thesis derived the new knowledge for understanding video gamers’ tourism motivations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Games and Tourism – Tourism Motivations of Chinese Video Game Players

Xu¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Here, we normally describe the details in a report. This generally implies that unlike inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are not constructed on the basis of probability theory (Kaur, 2018). Descriptive temperature and rainfall statistics (to explore main trend indicators (mean, median) and measurements of variability (range, standard deviation, variance) will be analysed in this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An External Agribusiness Risk Analysis Using KBDI: A Case of Veldfires in the Northern Territory of Australia

Diphagwe

Hlalele

Mpakathi

2020

The 1st International Electronic Conference on Forests—Forests for a Better Future: Sustainability, Innovation, Inter

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The 2019/20 Australian bushfires burned over 46 million acres of land, killed 34 people and left 3500 individuals homeless. Majority of deaths and buildings destroyed were in New South Wales, while the Northern Territory accounted for approximately 1/3 of the burned area. Many of the buildings that were lost were farm buildings, adding to the challenge of agricultural recovery that is already complex because of ash-covered farmland accompanied by historic levels of drought. The current research therefore aimed at characterising veldfire risk in the study area using Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI). A 39-year-long time series data was obtained from an online NASA database. Both homogeneity and stationarity tests were deployed using a non-parametric Pettitt’s and Dicky-Fuller tests respectively for data quality checks. Major results revealed a non-significant two-tailed Mann Kendall trend test with a p-value = 0.789 > 0.05 significance level. A suitable probability distribution was fitted to the annual KBDI time series where both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-square tests revealed Gamma (1) as a suitably fitted probability distribution. Return level computation from the Gamma (1) distribution using XLSTAT computer software resulted in a cumulative 40-year return period of moderate to high fire risk potential. With this low probability and 40-year-long return level, the study found the area less prone to fire risks detrimental to animal and crop production. More agribusiness investments can safely be executed in the Northern Territory without high risk aversion.

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“…Also, the interpretive research approach helps to produce an understanding of the social context of the phenomenon and the process (Abdel‐Fattah, 2015). To meet the first objective of this study, we mostly rely on descriptive statistics as they provide a powerful summary of results and also enables comparisons among the variables of interest (Brownstein et al, 2019; Kaur et al, 2018). We also rely on the use of XY scatter plots as they allow better visualization, observation, and evolution in the trends of variables of interest (Evergreen, 2019; Knaflic, 2015) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UN sustainable development goals, good governance, and corruption: The paradox of the world's poorest economies

Mombeuil

Diunugala

2021

Business and Society Review

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The first objective of this study is to demonstrate that the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) remain beyond reach for the world's poorest economies by analyzing the trends in the worldwide governance indicators (WGIs), corruption perception index (CPI), the GDP per capita, and the human development index (HDI) using the case of 10 former European colonies (e.g., Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Guinea‐Bissau, Haiti, Madagascar, Niger, Sierra Leone, Togo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Second, this study compares three‐panel regression models (pooled OLS model, fixed‐effects model, and random effects model) to examine the influence of the WGIs on CPI, GDP per capita, and HDI and then derive the most appropriate model. Based on the results of these two objectives, a theoretical framework is drawn to provide specific recommendations to overcome some of the challenges to sustainable development in the selected countries.

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Descriptive statistics

Cited by 214 publications

References 3 publications

Video Games and Tourism – Tourism Motivations of Chinese Video Game Players

Video Games and Tourism – Tourism Motivations of Chinese Video Game Players

An External Agribusiness Risk Analysis Using KBDI: A Case of Veldfires in the Northern Territory of Australia

UN sustainable development goals, good governance, and corruption: The paradox of the world's poorest economies

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