Descriptive summary: Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry handbook—Second edition

Durney, Carl H.; Johnson, Christine; Barber, Peter W.; Massoudi, H.; Iskander, Magdy F.; Allen, Stewart J.; Mitchell, John C.

doi:10.1029/rs014i06sp00005

Cited by 99 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Each animal was housed in a miniature anechoic chamber at T a ¼ 24 AE 2 8C, with food and water available. Thermographic measurements indicated a peak SAR of 17 W/kg in the head while whole body SAR was estimated at 1.5 W/kg [Durney et al, 1986]. Periodic assessments of the animals revealed no significant differences between the groups in body mass, urinary output, T co , hematocrit, hemoglobin, or basic blood cell counts.…”

Section: Chronic Exposure Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The TNZ for the Rhesus monkey extends from 24.5 to 31 8C [Johnson and Elizondo, 1979], that for the squirrel monkey from 26 to 35 8C [Stitt and Hardy, 1971], and that for the mouse from 30 to 33 8C [Hart, 1971]. Comparable data for other laboratory animals are provided in the Radiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook [Durney et al, 1986].…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For whole body exposure, the maximal absorption of RF energy occurs when the long axis of the body is parallel to the electric field vector (E polarization) and the longest dimension of the body is about 0.4 of the free space wavelength (resonant frequency) [Durney et al, 1986]. RF exposure of nonhuman primates at resonance yields somewhat less efficient thermoregulation than does exposure to subresonant or supraresonant frequencies [Krupp, 1983;Lotz, 1985;Lotz and Saxton, 1988;.…”

Section: Adjustments In Metabolic Heat Production (M )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoregulatory responses to RF energy absorption

Adair¹,

Black²

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This white paper combines a tutorial on the fundamentals of thermoregulation with a review of the current literature concerned with physiological thermoregulatory responses of humans and laboratory animals in the presence of radio frequency (RF) and microwave fields. The ultimate goal of research involving whole body RF exposure of intact organisms is the prediction of effects of such exposure on human beings. Most of the published research on physiological thermoregulation has been conducted on laboratory animals, with a heavy emphasis on laboratory rodents. Because their physiological heat loss mechanisms are limited, these small animals are very poor models for human beings. Basic information about the thermoregulatory capabilities of animal models relative to human capability is essential for the appropriate evaluation and extrapolation of animal data to humans. In general, reliance on data collected on humans and nonhuman primates, however fragmentary, yields a more accurate understanding of how RF fields interact with humans. Such data are featured in this review, including data from both clinic and laboratory. Featured topics include thermal sensation, human RF overexposures, exposures attending magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), predictions based on simulation models, and laboratory studies of human volunteers. Supporting data from animal studies include the thermoregulatory profile, response thresholds, physiological responses of heat production and heat loss, intense or prolonged exposure, RF effects on early development, circadian variation, and additive drug-microwave interactions. The conclusion is inescapable that humans demonstrate far superior thermoregulatory ability over other tested organisms during RF exposure at, or even above current human exposure guidelines. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:S17-S38, 2003.

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Section: Chronic Exposure Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Thermoregulatory Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adjustments In Metabolic Heat Production (M )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoregulatory responses to RF energy absorption

Adair¹,

Black²

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…The authors operationally defined this as time to work stoppage. Of the frequencies studied (400, 500, 600, and 700 MHz), they found the rats to be most sensitive to 600 MHz, a frequency very close to resonance for the standard laboratory rat, for example, 598-623 MHz [Durney et al, 1986]. Longer exposure durations were necessary to meet the behavioral criterion of frequencies above and below resonance.…”

Section: Behavioral Performance Disruption (Work Stoppage)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A living organism exposed in this frequency range will scatter and absorb energy depending on factors such as wavelength, body size, body shape, and orientation in electric and magnetic field vectors [Gandhi, 1974;Durney et al, 1986]. When exposed to ionizing radiation, absorption is directly related to the cross sectional area of the organism [NCRP, 1986].…”

Section: Impact Of Rf Field Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper presents an overview of the recent behavioral literature concerning microwave exposure and discusses behavioral effects that have supported past exposure standards. Other effects, which are based on lower levels of exposure, are discussed as well, relative to setting exposure standards. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the ways in which behavioral end points are investigated in the laboratory, together with some of the methodological considerations pertinent to such studies when radio frequency (RF) exposure is involved. It has been pointed out by several sources that exposure to RF radiation can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals that can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Behavior of laboratory animals can be perturbed and, under certain other conditions, animals will escape and subsequently avoid RF fields; but they will also work to obtain a burst of RF energy when they are cold. Reports of change of cognitive function (memory and learning) in humans and laboratory animals are in the scientific literature. Mostly, these are thermally mediated effects, but other low level effects are not so easily explained by thermal mechanisms. The phenomenon of behavioral disruption by microwave exposure, an operationally defined rate decrease (or rate increase), has served as the basis for human exposure guidelines since the early 1980s and still appears to be a very sensitive RF bioeffect. Nearly all evidence relates this phenomenon to the generation of heat in the tissues and reinforces the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF exposed animals are thermally mediated. Such behavioral alteration has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and under several different conditions of RF exposure. Thermally based effects can clearly be hazardous to the organism and continue to be the best predictor of hazard for homosapiens. Nevertheless, similar research with man has not been conducted. Although some studies on human perception of RF exist, these should be expandedto include a variety of RF parameters.

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