Desenvolvimento de hortaliças e atributos do solo com adubação verde e compostos orgânicos sob níveis de N

Abstract

Development of vegetables and soil characteristics after green manuring and organic composts under levels of NIn organic farming systems, the proper management of organic manure and nitrogen cycling strategies are very important to improve soil fertility and increase productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the green manure in pre-cropping, associated with organic compost with different nitrogen levels, on soil chemical properties and yield of cabbage and green corn crops in succession, from 2009 to 2012. The experimental design was a randomized blocks design in a split-plot with three replications. The plots consisted of two treatments (with and without leguminous) and the subplots consisted of five treatments with fertilization systems based on compost of different nitrogen levels: 1) Unfertilized (control); 2) Compost with 1.5% N; 3) Compost with 2.0% N; 4) Compost with 2.5% N; 5) Compost with 3% N. Green manuring with leguminous in pre-crops improved crop development cabbage and green corn, increased the levels of P and H + Al and reduced the levels of K, Mg and soil pH. The calcium content, sum of bases, cations exchange capacity and soil organic matter were not modified by green manuring. The fertilization with organic compost with higher levels of N provided elevations in the levels of P, K, Mg and T linearly and soil organic matter in a quadratic model. Plants fertilized with organic composts of higher levels of N increased the commercial yields in 92.4% for cabbage and 23.1% for green corn. Green manure, when associated with composts with 3% N, increased cabbage yield by 19.2% and the green corn on 4.5%.

Efectos del compost y lombriabono sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de berenjena Solanum melongena L.

“…En el caso de la fertilización, se han desarrollado diferentes fuentes de origen orgánico, cuya efectividad ha sido bien documentada (Mueller et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2015;Masaka y Nyamangara, 2015). En los suelos manejados bajo principios agroecológicos se observan incrementos de la entomofauna, mayor actividad biológica, aumento de los niveles de materia orgánica, de la fertilidad del suelo y por ende de la productividad del cultivo (Altieri y Nicholls, 2003).…”

Growth of Piper nigrum L. and nutrients cycling by intercropping with leguminous species

“…These desirable characteristics are augmented by the beneficial role of cover plants to the soil, where they reduce the flow of water loss at the surface and reduce soil erosion and the loss of nutrients, increase the amount of available organic matter, and provide improved nutrient bio-availability for plants (Partelli et al, 2011;Souza et al, 2015).…”

“…The effectiveness of green manure provided by legumes is superior to any other group of plants, because of the specific symbiotic associations that legumes form with N fixing bacteria, which result in a high N concentration in the plant (Partelli et al, 2011;Souza et al, 2015). Besides providing N, leguminous plants may enhance the quality of soil organic matter, and consequently the ability to exchange cations (Partelli et al, 2011).…”

Coquetéis vegetais e sistemas de manejo alterando a qualidade do solo e produtividade da mangueira (Plant mixture and soil management systems changing soil quality and mango productivity)

“…Souza et al (2013), realizando estudos em Cambissolo Húmico, no estado de Santa Catarina, verificaram que o cultivo de adubos verdes (vegetação espontânea; aveia-preta; centeio; nabo-forrageiro; naboforrageiro + centeio; e nabo-forrageiro + aveiapreta) em pré-cultivo de cebola não alteraram os atributos químicos do solo, exceto os teores de potássio, fósforo e valores da CTC a pH7. Da mesma forma, Souza et al (2015), avaliando o impacto de adubos verdes (crotalária e tremoço branco) em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo localizado no estado do Espírito Santo, em pré-cultivo de repolho e milho-verde, associada a compostos orgânicos com distintos níveis de N, observaram que a presença da adubação verde não alterou os valores de Ca, SB, T e MO, entretanto aumentou os teores de P e H+Al e, reduziu os teores de K e Mg e o pH do solo. Por outro lado, Cunha et al (2011), realizando estudos com adubos verdes nos cultivos de feijão e milho, não observaram, após quatro anos de cultivo, efeitos dos adubos verdes nos teores de MO, P, K, Ca e Mg do solo nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m, tanto no preparo convencional quanto na semeadura direta.…”