In several countries, without exception, the environmental costs of various human activities continue to grow National and international legal parameters, bilateral exploration treaties, along with global socioeconomic moments have greatly changed the position of the legislator and the responsible manager in Brazil regarding respect for the environment, and a sustainable development. The objective of this study is, by means of an exploratory bibliographical research, to verify the national advances achieved in defense of fauna and flora, as well as the legal setbacks imposed by an increasing exploitation of production as a way of strengthening the balance of trade, but which leaves a relevant environmental impact. The time elapsed between the entry into force of a law and the decrees that regulate it is very long and needs to be reviewed by the current legislators The assumption that the lack of a more effective and immediate approach to the conservation of natural resources has influenced and directly influences the environmental and climatic condition the planet is in is what is expected to prove.