Desert hyacinths: An obscure solution to a global problem?

Thorogood, Chris J.; Léon, Christine; Lei, Di; Aldughayman, Majed; Huang, Linfang; Hawkins, Julie A.

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10215

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous studies suggested that the plant mitochondrial electron-transport chain could improve plant performance under stressful environmental conditions [ 29 ]. Unlike C. deserticola and C. salsa , C. tubulosa experience salt stress and cold stress rather than drought stress [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This might lead to the duplication of genes in C. tubulosa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cistanche Species Mitogenomes Suggest Diversity and Complexity in Lamiales-Order Mitogenomes

Miao

Chen

et al. 2022

Genes

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The extreme diversity and complexity of angiosperms is well known. Despite the fact that parasitic plants are angiosperms, little is known about parasitic plant mitogenomic diversity, complexity, and evolution. In this study, we obtained and characterized the mitogenomes of three Cistanche species (holoparasitic plants) from China to compare the repeats, segment duplication and multi-copy protein-coding genes (PCGs), to clarify the phylogenetic and evolution relationship within the Lamiales order, and to identify the mitochondrial plastid insertions (MTPT) in Cistanche mitogenomes. The results showed that the mitogenome sizes of the three Cistanche species ranged from 1,708,661 to 3,978,341 bp. The Cistanche species genome encodes 75–126 genes, including 37–65 PCGs, 31–58 tRNA genes and 3–5 rRNA genes. Compared with other Lamiales and parasitic species, the Cistanche species showed extremely high rates of multi-copy PCGs, ranging from 0.13 to 0.58 percent of the total number of PCGs. In addition, 37–133 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSRs) were found in these three mitogenomes, the majority of which were the mononucleotides Adenine/Thymine. The interspersed repeats contained forward and palindromic repeats. Furthermore, the segment-duplication sequence size ranged from 199,584 to 2,142,551 bp, accounting for 24.9%, 11.7% and 53.9% of the Cistanche deserticola, Cistanche salsa and Cistanche tubulosa mitogenome, respectively. Furthermore, the Ka/Ks analysis suggested that the atp4, ccmB, ccmFc and matR were probably positively selected during Lamiales evolution. The Cistanche plastome suggested the presence of MTPT. Moreover, 6–12 tRNA, 9–15 PCGs fragments and 3 rRNA gene fragments in the Cistanche mitogenomes were found in the MTPT regions. This work reports the Cistanche species mitogenome for the first time, which will be invaluable for study the mitogenome evolution of Orobanchaceae family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cistanche Species Mitogenomes Suggest Diversity and Complexity in Lamiales-Order Mitogenomes

Miao

Chen

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…Cistanche species, as nonphotosynthetic holoparasites, are completely devoid of chlorophyll and functional leaves. They are remarkable in appearance, comprising imposing, brightly colored flowering spikes that sprout seemingly from bare earth, which has earned them their common name ‘desert hyacinths’ [ 4 ]. Some 20–30 accepted species known as the Old World constitute the genus Cistanche , which traverses from the west (Macaronesia) to the east (Northwest China) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are remarkable in appearance, comprising imposing, brightly colored flowering spikes that sprout seemingly from bare earth, which has earned them their common name ‘desert hyacinths’ [ 4 ]. Some 20–30 accepted species known as the Old World constitute the genus Cistanche , which traverses from the west (Macaronesia) to the east (Northwest China) [ 4 ]. Cistanche species grow in deserts, and occasionally coastal dunes or salt marshes, where they are parasitic on the roots of various halophytic shrubs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural mutations of small single copy (SSC) region in the plastid genomes of five Cistanche species and inter-species identification

Miao

Chen

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Cistanche is an important genus of Orobanchaceae, with critical medicinal, economic, and desertification control values. However, the phylogenetic relationships of Cistanche genus remained obscure. To date, no effective molecular markers have been reported to discriminate effectively the Cistanche closely related species reported here. In this study, we obtained and characterized the plastomes of four Cistanche species from China, to clarify the phylogenetic relationship within the genus, and to develop molecular markers for species discrimination. Results Four Cistanche species (Cistanche deserticola, Cistanche salsa, Cistanche tubulosa and Cistanche sinensis), were deep-sequenced with Illumina. Their plastomes were assembled using SPAdes and annotated using CPGAVAS2. The plastic genomes were analyzed in detail, finding that all showed the conserved quadripartite structure (LSC-IR-SSC-IR) and with full sizes ranging from 75 to 111 Kbp. We observed a significant contraction of small single copy region (SSC, ranging from 0.4–29 Kbp) and expansion of inverted repeat region (IR, ranging from 6–30 Kbp), with C. deserticola and C. salsa showing the smallest SSCs with only one gene (rpl32). Compared with other Orobanchaceae species, Cistanche species showed extremely high rates of gene loss and pseudogenization, as reported for other parasitic Orobanchaceae species. Furthermore, analysis of sequence divergence on protein-coding genes showed the three genes (rpl22, clpP and ycf2) had undergone positive selection in the Cistanche species under study. In addition, by comparison of all available Cistanche plastomes we found 25 highly divergent intergenic spacer (IGS) regions that were used to predict two DNA barcode markers (Cis-mk01 and Cis-mk02 based on IGS region trnR-ACG-trnN-GUU) and eleven specific DNA barcode markers using Ecoprimer software. Experimental validation showed 100% species discrimination success rate with both type of markers. Conclusion Our findings have shown that Cistanche species are an ideal model to investigate the structure variation, gene loss and pseudogenization during the process of plastome evolution in parasitic species, providing new insights into the evolutionary relationships among the Cistanche species. In addition, the developed DNA barcodes markers allow the proper species identification, ensuring the effective and safe use of Cistanche species as medicinal products.

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“…However, its use in traditional medicine is not restricted to China, as it has also been used in North African Sahara (Bougandoura et al, 2016 ; Lakhdari et al, 2016 ; Volpato, Saleh, & Di Nardo, 2015 ). The used product is known as “Herba cistanche” and is traded as dried stems of a mix of Cistanche species that are either wild‐harvested or cultivated by growing the host shrubs (Thorogood et al, 2021 ). C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…North African Sahara (Bougandoura et al, 2016;Lakhdari et al, 2016;Volpato, Saleh, & Di Nardo, 2015). The used product is known as "Herba cistanche" and is traded as dried stems of a mix of Cistanche species that are either wild-harvested or cultivated by growing the host shrubs (Thorogood et al, 2021). C. deserticola and C. tubulosa are "cultivated" in China with a harvest of about 6000 tons (Song, Zeng, Jiang, & Tu, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro characterization of iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche phelypaea for nutraceutical and pharmacological applications

Delicato

Masi

Lara³

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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“Desert hyacinths” are a remarkable group of parasitic plants belonging to genus Cistanche, including more than 20 accepted species typically occurring in deserts or coastal dunes parasitizing roots of shrubs. Several Cistanche species have long been a source of traditional herbal medicine or food, being C. deserticola and C. tubulosa the most used in China. This manuscript reports the isolation and identification of some phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides, obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract of C. phelypaea collected in Spain. The present study aims to characterize the antioxidant activity of C. phelypaea metabolites in the light of their application in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries and the effect of acetoside, the most abundant metabolite in C. phelypaea extract, on human keratinocyte and pluripotent stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Our study demonstrated that acetoside, besides its strong antioxidant potential, can preserve the proliferative potential of human basal keratinocytes and the stemness of mesenchymal progenitors necessary for tissue morphogenesis and renewal. Therefore, acetoside can be of practical relevance for the clinical application of human stem cell cultures in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Desert hyacinths: An obscure solution to a global problem?

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Cistanche Species Mitogenomes Suggest Diversity and Complexity in Lamiales-Order Mitogenomes

Cistanche Species Mitogenomes Suggest Diversity and Complexity in Lamiales-Order Mitogenomes

Structural mutations of small single copy (SSC) region in the plastid genomes of five Cistanche species and inter-species identification

In vitro characterization of iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche phelypaea for nutraceutical and pharmacological applications

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