Design, analysis, and realisation of chipless RFID tag for orientation independent configurations

Abstract

The architectures of two innovative compact orientation independent chipless radio frequency identification device (RFID) tags for emerging applications such as the internet of things are presented. These tags, when illuminated, generate resonant frequencies in the radar cross-section backscattered spectrum, which are used to encode the data. These are based around L-type resonators, which can be read from front and back using linear polarisation waves as they do not have the ground plane. The first tag design consists of L-resonators in the lower triangular of the substrate, and thereby mutual coupling is increased as a reduction in the size. The second tag design incorporates alternate L-resonators in both halves of the substrate and exhibits reduced mutual coupling and enhanced printing strength but with a reduction in bit density. The proposed concept is demonstrated through prototypes of 8-bit chipless tags on Rogers substrate. These tags require very low bandwidth to encode 8-bit and occupy a small board size of 20 mm × 20 mm, and these are considerable improvements in the development of chipless RFID.

On the Seamless Integration and Co-Existence of Chipless RFID in Broad IoT Framework

“…SAW substrate's major limitation is the ohmic loss associated with it, responsible for the RFID system's poor sensitivity to low power signals. In the domain of chipless tags, there have been reports of successive improvements in the design techniques [23]- [26]. Based on developments of chipless RFIDs, it can be divided into two major categories [27], one is time-domain reflectometry (TDR) based, and the other one is frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) based tag design.…”

Advances in the Design Techniques and Applications of Chipless RFIDs

“…The main challenge of the Chipless RFID design is the optimal area density, which embraces the maximum bits in the least area. The frequency coding technique has a higher bits capacity as compared to other design techniques of Chipless RFID [14].…”

“…Therefore, alternative Chipless RFID tags [14], [15] are attracting researchers, manufacturers, and end-users, considering that it can provide excellent trade-offs between various aspects such as cost, reading range, and bit density. In the extraction of information in the passive chip-based tag, the delay and noise in the signal occur due to the memory element of the RFID tag, and it suffers a lower reading range [16].…”

Immersive Learning Design for Technology Education: A Soft Systems Methodology

“…By using MR technologies, students can effectively understand the details of various tags and antenna shapes. Apart from the theories and abstract knowledge, interrogation zone analysis (IZA) and tag placement analysis (TPA) are two essential components for the deployment of RFID (Jankowski-Mihułowicz and Wêglarski, 2017; Hashmi and Sharma, 2020). For the former analysis, students must set up the RFID tags and gateway to examine the tag response rates and signal coverage region based on setting different antennas, as shown in Figure 2C.…”