Design Analysis of 5G Microstrip Antenna

Abstract

5G communication network has three distinct characteristics, although not limited to; enhanced network coverage, low latency and massive device connectivity. 5G mobile system has broad spectrum to support high data rates. Such device must deploy corresponding radiating structures to meet the changing technological advancement. In this paper therefore, a microstrip patch antenna operating at 3.6GHz frequency is designed and simulated for 5G application. The choice of frequency of operation is influenced by the broad prospects for 5G. The substrate is the flame resistant four (FR4) with a dielectric constant of 4.6 and a loss tangent of 0.023. The results include; plots of the voltage standing wave ratio, radiation pattern, return loss and radiation efficiency. The result further showed that, the parameters influencing the radiation characteristics of the patch antenna are the relative permittivity of the dielectric material, the position of the slot on the patch, the ground plane, substrate type as well as the dimensions of the feed and patch. The microstrip antenna thus can be effectively deployed for 5G application.

Recent Advances of 5G Technology Based on Patch Antenna: A Literature Review

“…In order to make an antenna 5G compatible, considerations should be made on both the system and the antenna itself for optimum performance. Among the factors that must be taken into account by such antennas include wider network coverage, reduced latency time, support for massive devices connection, faster data rates, small size in terms of dimensions and weight which can easily fit into any available space or even carried around, cost efficiency in terms of production or installation expenses incurred during manufacture stage as well as operational cost savings realized over its lifetime span among others like bandwidths having higher gains thus minimum radiation losses while using flexible materials for shrinking them down more so when putting together with other parts using such elements like metals sheets; these should have been clad with light weight insulating material around it [25] [26]. Antennas should also meet dynamic technological advances, become smaller sizes suitable for next generation equipment and work with Gateways/Routers/Wireless Access Points (WAPs)/ HD streaming capable devices like smartphones /tablets/laptops/netbooks etc., Handheld Devices (HHDs) used in various activities such as gaming consoles where players need wide range mobility over large geographical areas while connected wirelessly through MIMO enabled Public Transportation networks for example buses/taxis/trains/planes/boats/submarines etc.. For this reason alone at high frequencies bands there is need of designing antennas having wider impedance bandwidths coupled with high gains because according to path loss calculation models; it shows that most signals will not be able reach their intended destinations unless they are reflected back towards them from another point on earth surface which may have objects blocking direct line sight between source destination hence causing multi-path fading effect resulting into signal degradations experienced at receiver end points so far encountered along wave front propagation past obstacles.…”

A review of 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antennas for wireless applications

“…The directivity of an antenna is a description of the directional characteristics of the antenna. Since the radiation pattern is the only thing that controls it, it refers to the antenna's ability to point in a particular direction [43].…”

Design and Optimization of a 2.4 GHz Antenna Array for Energy Harvesting

“…Microstrip antenna are metallic patches, that can be in various configurations or designs on a grounded substrate. The rectangular and circular patch are the most popular designs because of easy fabrication and analysis, low cross polarization and interesting radiation characteristics (Chaour et al, 2018;Ifeoma & Lucky, 2022). Other designs are sometimes deployed like the trapezoid.…”