“…Many related words have emerged as the name of the modern research field that deals with microscopic length scales of transport routes and liquid-based devices, such as "MEMSfluids" or "Bio-MEMS" and "microfluidics" (El Alami et al,2019& Onishi et al, 2017. MEMS fabrication (Rius et al,2017) and actuation techniques (Algamili et al,2021& Tiwary et al,2021 are seen in many application areas, including (Khorsandi et al,2021) microfluidics, microactuator, biomedical (Mohd Ghazali et al,2020, automotive (Bhatt et al,2019), micro-robotics (Bucˇinskas et al,2021& Ghosh et al,2021, wearable devices (Yang et al,2021& Cao et al,2021, and microsensors (Unalli et al,2020& Waqar et al,2021. In addition, different biomaterials, such as cells, organoids, and microorganisms, have been used in a variety of microfluidic chip applications (Tian et al,2019.…”