Design and analysis of a resonator based metamaterial for sensor applications

Abstract

A resonator based metamaterial for sensor application is studied in this paper. The resonator is encompassed by a partial ground plane and excited by a microstrip feed‐line. As the resonator, partial ground frame, and the feeding transmission line are on the same microstrip, the measurement can be executed by using the common laboratory facility instead of using the waveguide. The proposed metamaterial occupies a compact size of 20 × 20 mm2 and is imprinted on a low‐cost FR4 substrate. The substrate has a relative permittivity of 4.6 with a dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The resonator and the ground frame are placed on the similar part of the substrate and the feed‐line is placed on the other part of the substrate. In metamaterial design, normally arrays of metamaterial unit cells are needed, whereas this study presents only one cell, which can achieve the metamaterial properties. The characteristic parameters are fetched and analyzed to find the concurrency between the simulated and measured results. The presented metamaterial is applied in sensor applications where the simulated and measured results reveal considerable agreement.

An Overview of Interdigitated Microwave Resonance Sensors for Liquid Samples Permittivity Detection

“…When the sample relative permittivity increases, the resonance frequency decreases from 4.9 to 3.7 GHz, whereas in the same condition, this value is shifted [8]. As illustrated in Fig.…”

“…As illustrated in Fig. 11, for changing the relative permittivity, the resonance values are between −50 and −49 dB in the proposed configuration, therefore, it can be said that the resonance value is almost fixed with changing the relative permittivity, while in the proposed sensor of [8], values of resonance change from −41 to −21 dB in the operational frequency. A sample with the grater dielectric constant has a larger downshift of the resonance frequency.…”

“…For investigation of sensor, a solid material with different permittivity are examined. On most sensors, the samples must cover whole of filter while in presented sensor, sensing dimensions is small, so that the sample dimensions is 6.8 mm × 8.4 mm because this size covers the region of strong electric field while the sample size in [8], is 20 mm × 20 mm, therefore, the sample dimensions are decreased. The proposed sensor will be able to increase accuracy of solids permittivity measurement.…”

“…where f is the +3 dB bandwidth and f 0 is the center frequency. Q-factor is 217 for the unloaded sensor and is 38 for the presented sensor in [8], however the resolution of the presented sensor is increased compared to traditional design of [8]. In presented sensor, different sections are coupled with each other and for achievement of equivalent circuit, circuit model of each section must be obtained.…”

Symmetric square shaped metamaterial structure with quintuple resonance frequencies for S, C, X and Ku band applications

“…Metamaterials have been utilised in a wide range of application fields, for instance, sensor, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction, satellite application, terahertz frequency application, superconductor, optical cloaking, microwave application, etc. 1 – 4 . Nevertheless, these series of recent studies have indicated that the application fields are different from each other, and the distinctive properties of the metamaterial allowed the researchers to obtain remarkable results.…”