Design and Analysis of Combined Input-Voltage Feedforward and PI Controllers for the Buck Converter

Amer, Mostafa; Abuelnasr, Ahmed; Ragab, Ahmed; Hassan, Ahmad; Ali, Mohamed; Gosselin, Benoît; Savaria, Yvon

doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401648

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our work in this paper focuses on finding an effective way to detect and mitigate thermal peaks in systems that undergo intense thermal stress, such as a monolithic DC-DC converter, which our team is considering [ 21 , 22 ]. While our current implementation is software-based in Python version 3.6, the architecture is designed with the flexibility to adapt to hardware platforms, including FPGA interfaces, for real-time applications.…”

Section: Ring Oscillator-based Temperature Sensor: Design Implementat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Ring Oscillator-Based Integrated Temperature Sensors for Power Management Systems

El-Zarif,

Amer,

Ali

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This paper details the development and validation of a temperature sensing methodology using an un-trimmed oscillator-based integrated sensor implemented in the 0.18-μm SOI XFAB process, with a focus on thermal monitoring in system-on-chip (SoC) based DC-DC converters. Our study identifies a quadratic relationship between the oscillator output frequency and temperature, which forms the basis of our proposed calibration mechanism. This mechanism aims at mitigating process variation effects, enabling accurate temperature-to-frequency mapping. Our research proposes and characterizes several trimming-free calibration techniques, covering a spectrum from zero to thirty-one frequency-temperature measurement points. Notably, the Corrected One-Point calibration method, requiring only a single ambient temperature measurement, emerges as a practical solution that removes the need for a temperature chamber. This method, after adjustment, successfully reduces the maximum error to within ±2.95 °C. Additionally, the Two-Point calibration method demonstrates improved precision with a maximum positive error of +1.56 °C at −15 °C and a maximum negative error of −3.13 °C at +10 °C (R2 value of 0.9958). The Three-Point calibration method performed similarly, yielding an R2 value of 0.9956. The findings of this study indicate that competitive results in temperature sensor calibration can be achieved without circuit trimming, offering a viable alternative or a complementary approach to traditional trimming techniques.

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Section: Ring Oscillator-based Temperature Sensor: Design Implementat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Ring Oscillator-Based Integrated Temperature Sensors for Power Management Systems

El-Zarif,

Amer,

Ali

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…Typically, a standalone VFB can deliver adequate performance, but relying solely on VFB is also insufficient to filter out line variations. This is because VFB lacks information on , and it only responds to errors in that occurs later after the disturbance [15], which results in significant transients, as shown in Fig 2 . Combining IVFF and VFB is expected to merge their benefits and mitigate individual limitations. However, proper control parameter selection is crucial to prevent potential closedloop instability with varying IVFF gain, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More about these techniques is reviewed in Section II. A promising solution to address these limitations lies in the combination of input-voltage feedforward control (IVFF) and voltage-mode feedback control (VFB) [15]. While both techniques individually possess limitations, notably, IVFF does not consider component tolerances and conduction losses [16], and VFB lacks information on the input voltage ( ) causing large transients [17], their combination can potentially mitigate line and load variations, free from the limitations above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, the internal dynamics of this combined approach and its impact on DC-DC converters' stability have remained unexplored in the literature. Our prior work in [15] introduced an initial analysis of combining IVFF with a voltage-mode PI controller for buck converter regulation. It was found that changes in the IVFF gain strongly affect the control performance, impacting the closed-loop system's phase margin, gain margin, and feedback bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TFs, and , are combined to form the system TF, \ , given in (15). Here, ] [ and ] are the numerator's even and odd terms, respectively, while [ and are the denominator's even and odd terms, respectively.…”

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Enhanced Dynamic Regulation in Buck Converters: Integrating Input-Voltage Feedforward With Voltage-Mode Feedback

Amer,

Abuelnasr,

Ali

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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DC-DC buck converters in automotive and aerospace applications are often required to handle large disturbances in their input supply and abrupt variations in their loads. This paper proposes a systematic method to combine input-voltage feedforward (IVFF) and voltage-mode feedback (VFB) controllers, aiming to enhance the closed-loop performance of these DC-DC converters. This method relies on the stability boundary locus approach to help select the proper control parameters that achieve strong dynamic stability across the full operating range regardless of practical implementation challenges. Also, an optimization approach is employed to minimize the passive components' area within the compensator, achieving a 79% reduction in integration size compared to conventional designs. The controller was fabricated in a 0.35-µm CMOS technology, occupying a core area of 0.438 mm 2 . The prototype chip was experimentally tested to regulate a buck converter that leverages an e-GaN half-bridge while operating at 1 MHz. Measurement results show a remarkable closedloop performance against line and load variations, reaching up to ±80 V/ms and ±535 mA per 150 µs, respectively. The output remains stable, showcasing very small (< 100 mV) to non-existent spikes and fast recovery periods. In addition, the system shows fast startup times (< 100 µs) with small overshoots (< 1%) observed at the output. The system power efficiency, tested across various loads, peaks at 95.14% while operating at 695 mA load current. It is shown that the combined-controller approach entirely eliminates transient voltage spikes, offering up to 100% improvement in dynamic performance over a standalone VFB controller.INDEX TERMS Buck converter, controller design, DC-DC converter, dynamic regulation, feedforward, GaN half-bridge, high-voltage circuits, stability boundary locus, voltage-mode feedback.

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An optimal feedforward circuit with null audio susceptibility in feedback‐controlled buck converter

Daimary,

Jana,

Narasimharaju

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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The ability to manage abrupt disturbances in input supply voltage and sudden fluctuations in load represents a fundamental requirement for DC‐DC buck converters. While feedback control systems typically address such transients, certain applications necessitate even faster transient responses. This paper introduces an input voltage feedforward scheme (IVFS) integrated with voltage mode feedback controllers to enhance closed‐loop performance. Relevant transfer functions resulting from the inclusion of the feedforward circuit are derived, and an optimal condition for audio susceptibility nullification is identified. This scheme ensures an additional attenuation in magnitude of audio susceptibility, in contrast to the buck converter without feedforward. In the time domain, the incorporation of IVFS results in a 20% reduction in percentage overshoot for a 12‐8‐12 step in supply voltage. Additionally, for a 12‐15‐12 step, the percentage overshoot and settling time are completely eliminated. Various active and passive parasitics are included in modeling of the buck converter to aid in designing the feedforward and feedback controller. A Type‐III controller is employed as a feedback controller to assess the closed‐loop performance. A hardware prototype is built to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed feedforward scheme. The implementation of the entire circuit is straightforward due to its requirement of only a few discrete components, namely, analog multiplier, and error amplifier.

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Design and Analysis of Combined Input-Voltage Feedforward and PI Controllers for the Buck Converter

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Calibration of Ring Oscillator-Based Integrated Temperature Sensors for Power Management Systems

Calibration of Ring Oscillator-Based Integrated Temperature Sensors for Power Management Systems

Enhanced Dynamic Regulation in Buck Converters: Integrating Input-Voltage Feedforward With Voltage-Mode Feedback

An optimal feedforward circuit with null audio susceptibility in feedback‐controlled buck converter

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