Design and application of a spherical aberration free continuous zoom liquid-filled micro-cylindrical lenses system

Abstract

A zoom system named liquid-filled micro-cylindrical lenses integrating a capillary and a biconvex micro-cylindrical lens in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is designed, which can achieve continuous changed focal length from 2.675 to 9.012 mm by injecting variable concentrations of glycerol aqueous solution into the capillary. The aberration fan diagrams, root mean square spot radius, peak-to-valley wavefront aberration, and modulation transfer function curves at different zoom configurations of the liquid-filled micro-cylindrical lenses are all analyzed, showing good imaging quality over the whole focal length range. And an anamorphic zoom system for uniform collimated beam is designed putting such two PDMS substrates similar as the Kepler telescope structure. The anamorphic system can realize the zoom shaping function with 1:2 to 2:1 aspect ratio beam conversion without machine movement along optical axis and with no significant aberration. The introduced zoom system is characterized by high image quality, small volume, and a simple and stable structure, providing a design idea for cylindrical lenses with variable focal length.

Reduction in the interfacial tension between liquids for the low-voltage control of electrowetting cylindrical lenses

“… – 6 The other method is changing the properties of the liquid to achieve the zoom effect. For example, in a liquid-filled lens, 7 , 8 the focal length is varied by changing the type or volume of the liquid, and in an electrowetting lens, 9 – 11 the focal length is varied by changing the applied voltage to control the liquid surface curvature. The conventional zoom method requires many mechanical structures, which can be difficult to integrate.…”