Design and application of cables and overhead lines in wind power plants

Bradt, M.; Bates, M.; Behnke, Michael; Bloethe, W.G.; Brooks, C.; Camm, E.H.; Dilling, W.; Goltz, B.; Hermanson, J.; Li, J.; Loy, P.; McLean, K.J.; Niemira, J.; Nuckles, K.; Patiflo, J.; Mohajerpoor, Reza; Richardson, Brian A.; Samaan, Nader; Schoene, Jens; Smith, Travis; Snyder, Isabelle; Starke, Michael; Tesch, M.; Walling, R.; Zahalka, G.

doi:10.1109/tdc.2010.5484317

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…They are the same because of the identical resistance and price of the cable per km for the same conductor size. Although the inductance of the flat formation is around 1.6 times the value of the trefoil formation, this has very little impact on the active power losses according to (9). The difference for the 1000 mm conductor size is because the flat formation has a higher current rating than the trefoil formation in general.…”

Section: Cable Sizing Based On Lowest Total Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current through a cable is calculated by (8) Accordingly, the active power losses can be calculated by (9) and the active power losses per km are expressed as:…”

Section: Voltage Rise and Power Losses In A Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the factors that have a significant impact on cable selection for wind power may differ from the ones that influence cable selection for load. Recently, efforts have been devoted to the design of cables for the collection grid of wind power plants [9]- [12]. However, none of these studies provide analyses on what parameters that affect, and to what extent, the selection of a cable for wind power delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Series Based Cable Selection for a Medium Voltage Wind Energy Network

Chen

Thiringer

2012

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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This paper analyzes various factors that influence the cable selection for delivering wind energy to an electrical network. It also investigates when the thermal and voltage limit become the dominant limiting factor in order to obtain the correct economical loading range (ELR) and load reach of a cable. In addition, the influence of power factor setting and capacity factor of wind turbines on cable sizing are also presented. To account for the stochastic behavior of wind power and electricity price, time series measurements are employed to evaluate the cost of energy losses in a cable. Procedures are summarized to illustrate the cable selection for a wind energy network. The illustration is performed on a 20 kV wind energy network in Sweden.The results indicate that electricity price, discount rate and wind turbine capacity factor affect the ELR of the cable significantly. On the other hand, when the number of evaluation year is reduced from 40 years to 20 years, the ELR does not vary significantly. Furthermore, in the case of no voltage violation, the cable length does not affect the ELR. Moreover, the power factor setting of wind turbines does not affect ELR, but has a significant influence on the load reach of a cable. For the case network with 28 MW wind installation, 8% savings are obtained when using the selected economical cables instead of the thinnest cables; 2% savings are obtained when using the optimal power factor instead of the unity power factor. The cable selection method proposed in this paper can be used by both wind farm designers and network operators to select cables for their wind energy collection grids.

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Section: Cable Sizing Based On Lowest Total Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current through a cable is calculated by (8) Accordingly, the active power losses can be calculated by (9) and the active power losses per km are expressed as:…”

Section: Voltage Rise and Power Losses In A Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Series Based Cable Selection for a Medium Voltage Wind Energy Network

Chen

Thiringer

2012

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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“…A wind speed of 0.6 ms -1 and ambient temperature close to the annual maximum of ambient temperature along the line route are usually used to calculate the static rating of conductors (IEEE Std 738™, 2012). The current practice is to design the collector network of a wind farm using the static rating (Bradt et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Maximum Conductor Temperature (Maxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) wind plant collector system design working group published a number of papers covering different aspects of collector system design (Camm et al, 2009a;2009b;Bradt et al, turbines by a cable or an overhead network. The number of wind turbine generators placed on a feeder string is limited by the static rating of the conductor, and the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collector cable design based on dynamic line rating for wind energy applications

Wijethunga¹,

Ekanayake²,

Wijayakulasooriya³

2018

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Wind power will play a major role in future power generation systems. In order to promote more and more wind farm connections, the capital cost (CAPEX) should be minimised. In this paper a novel concept is presented based on two practical considerations, namely, the actual current through different sections of a radially connected wind turbine string reduces from the substation end to the farthest wind turbine; and the current carrying capacity of a conductor and wind turbine current increases with the wind speed. Two tools that support the design of the collector network and ensure safe operation tool aids the designing of the collector conductors based on the dynamic line rating of the conductor and the actual wind farm tool, which ensures that the conductor core temperature does not exceed the maximum allowable conductor temperature. A case study is presented to demonstrate the use of the design tool whereas a real life implementation is used to demonstrate that the safety of the conductors.

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Parametric analysis and simplified calculations of fault current split for wind power plant grounding system safety design

Brown¹,

Schaerer²

2014

2014 IEEE PES T&D Conference and Exposition

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Design and application of cables and overhead lines in wind power plants

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Time-Series Based Cable Selection for a Medium Voltage Wind Energy Network

Time-Series Based Cable Selection for a Medium Voltage Wind Energy Network

Collector cable design based on dynamic line rating for wind energy applications

Parametric analysis and simplified calculations of fault current split for wind power plant grounding system safety design

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