Design and Application of Homogeneous-structured TiO2/Activated Carbon Nanocomposite for Adsorption–Photocatalytic Degradation of MO

Enhancing methyl orange discoloration with TiO2/Fe2O3/AC composites: synergistic adsorption-photocatalysis

“…This trend suggests that adsorption plays a significant role in the MO removal process, as the increased surface area provided by AC facilitates the binding of MO molecules. This was consistent with the findings of our earlier investigation [37,38]. Interestingly, after the introduction of visible light into the system, we did not observe a significant increase in the percentage removal rate for Fe 2 O 3 content of 3%.…”

“…The dark condition was maintained for 60 minutes, as the adsorption/desorption equilibrium had been attained. This 60 minutes duration also corresponds with our previous findings regarding the TiO 2 /AC photocatalyst [37,38]. The lowest levels of both adsorption and photo discoloration activity were found in pure TiO 2 .…”

“…These results are in line with activated carbon's ability to promote photocatalysis in well-known oxidation processes where the carbon itself functions as catalyst [29,33,34]. In the other side, the addition of activated carbon in TiO 2 effectively served as adsorbent and the electron trap to improve the photocatalytic activity [27,[35][36][37][38][39].…”

“…The TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 photocatalyst demonstrated almost linear MO discoloration, which was 13% lower than that resulted by TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 /AC, showing that the photocatalysis process dominated MO discoloration. The increased discoloration of MO by the nanocomposites suggests that Fe 2 O 3 and AC served as electron trap which decreased electron-hole recombination [37,38]. Moreover, as a photocatalyst, Fe 2 O 3 and AC provide more active sites to facilitate the reaction between ion radicals and dissolved oxygen and water to further increase the MO discoloration.…”

Separation of TiO2 and Fe2O3 from Indonesia Ilmenite Minerals and their Application as Photocatalysts for Eriochrome Black‐T Dye Degradation

“…The resulting TiO 2 residue was calcined at 500 °C to produce anatase crystalline phase, while the FeCl 2 filtrate was hydrolysed by ammonia at pH 4 and pH 10 to form solid iron oxide. The addition of sodium carbonate in the roasting procedure was due to its ability to react with ilmenite to form sodium titanate it could enhance the efficacy of TiO 2 formation during the acid leaching phase [21] . Figure 1(a‐b) showed the crystalline structure of the residue TiO 2 from ilmenite under various mass ratios of sodium carbonate to ilmenite (denoted as Ti‐1, Ti‐2, and Ti‐3 for mass ratio of 1.0; 2.0; and 3.0, respectively) and various leaching temperature (denoted as Ti‐95°, Ti‐105°, and Ti‐115° for leaching temperature of 90 °C; 105 °C, and 115 °C), respectively, compared to the ilmenite crystallinity phase.…”