Design and Application of Metal Organic Framework ZIF-90-ZnO-MoS₂ Nanohybrid for an Integrated Electrochemical Liquid Biopsy

Abstract

Limited healthcare capacity highlights the needs of integrated sensing systems for personalized health-monitoring. However, only limited sensors can be employed for point-of-care applications, emphasizing the lack of a generalizable sensing platform. Here, we report a metal organic framework (MOF) ZIF-90-ZnO-MoS2 nanohybrid-based integrated electrochemical liquid biopsy (ELB) platform capable of direct profiling cancer exosomes from blood. Using a bottom-up approach for sensor design, a series of critical sensing functions is considered and encoded into the MOF material interface by programming the material with different chemical and structural features. The MOF-based ELB platform is able to achieve one-step sensor fabrication, target isolation, nonfouling and high-sensitivity sensing, direct signal transduction, and multiplexed detection. We demonstrated the capability of the designed sensing system on differentiating cancerous groups from healthy controls by analyzing clinical samples from lung cancer patients, providing a generalizable sensing platform.

Room-Temperature Self-Healing Conductive Elastomers for Modular Assembly as a Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensing Platform for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Exosomes

“…Thus, we selected several modules, including an electrochemical module, to build a microfluidic electrochemical biosensing platform ( Figure 4 E). We investigated whether the platform could achieve stable and highly sensitive detection of colorectal cancer exosomes [ 43 ]. Specifically, we used MGPP as a self-supporting electrode.…”

“…The targeted immobilization of the aptamer can significantly improve the availability of the suspended exosomes [ 2 ]. With the presence of exosomes, quantitative differences in currents achieve the quantitative detection of exosomes [ 43 ].…”

“…Changing the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of the constructed NTH from Epcam aptamer to CD63 aptamer and random aptamer, a limited signal response was observed ( Figure 6 A) on the electrodes due to the inability of exosomes to be stably captured on the electrodes [ 43 , 54 ], confirming a reasonable specificity. Since ssDNA undergoes local aggregation or entanglement, the low sensitivity of single-stranded aptamers to TDN.…”

“…Our microfluidic electrochemical biosensing chip shows significant improvement or equivalent performance in the detection range and lower limits. In addition, our platform shows clear advantages and advances [ 43 ], such as developing a sensing platform that can be quickly assembled to obtain a microfluidic system that meets the user’s experimental needs, significantly lowering the threshold for using microfluidic technology.…”

Nanomaterials for Molecular Detection and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

“…By varying the strategies in the signal readout and the MOF function, different electrochemical sensors can be developed for EV detection, in terms of both protein and RNA markers [ 159 , 160 ]. By combining other detection approaches, MOFs can be used to capture and purify exosomes with or without MNPs [ 141 , 161 , 162 , 163 ].…”