Design and assembly of a telecentric zoom lens for the Cygnus x-ray source

Malone, Robert M.; Baker, Stuart A.; Brown, Kristina; Curtis, Alden; Esquibel, David L.; Frayer, Daniel K.; Frogget, Brent C.; Furlanetto, Michael R.; Garten, James R.; Haines, T. J.; Howe, Russell A.; Huerta, Joe A.; Kaufman, Morris I.; King, N. S. P.; Lutz, S. S.; McGillivray, Kevin D.; Smith, Andrew

doi:10.1117/12.929160

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Its field of view was limited to only 150 mm. In 2013, two zoom lenses named Cygnus Zoom Lens Systems (CZLS), were installed at an x-ray facility (CYGNUS) to collect images with a 200 mm x 200 mm field of view at the scintillator detector plane 3,4 . This was a large improvement from the original Cygnus LINOS lenses that had a field of view of only 150 mm x 150 mm and collected ~56% less light.…”

Section: Evolution Of Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical relays for imaging scintillators

Malone,

Baker,

Frayer

et al. 2023

Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXIV

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Cygnus is a dual beam high-energy radiographic x-ray source. Ten years ago, three large zoom lenses were assembled to collect images from 200 mm x 200 mm square scintillators. The zoom capability allows zooming down to a 60 mm x 60 mm picture from the scintillator. Current radiographic imaging needs now require larger 270 mm x 270 mm square scintillators and the capability to use both 92 mm x 92 mm and 62 mm x 62 mm CCD cameras, and a new lens design to meet these needs. This zoom lens incorporates 11 elements and is designed to be telecentric. It images a scintillator emitting light peaking at 435 nm, so special glass types are required for the lens elements. Much larger elliptical pellicles are needed to deflect the scintillator light out of the x-ray path into the lens. The optical axis of the imaging system must be colinear with the x-ray axis. Two scintillators are positioned in each of two Cygnus x-ray axes, for a total of four scintillators and four lens systems. An optional configuration will be shown, enabling two lens systems imaging opposite sides of a single scintillator, for a total of four lenses and two scintillators. Although this configuration has advantages, it suffers from crosstalk. Care must be taken to analyze the anti-reflection coatings applied to all the elements in the imaging chain, including the CCD array and its vacuum window. The evolution of our Cygnus radiographic systems over the last two decades will be discussed.

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Section: Evolution Of Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CCD camera was vacuum coupled to this LINOS lens and provided no magnification adjustments. To accommodate magnification changes, a zoom lens system 3,4 was setup in 2013. This allowed adjusting the field of view at the scintillator from 60 x 60 mm up to 200 x 200 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical relays for imaging scintillators

Malone,

Baker,

Frayer

et al. 2023

Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXIV

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“…Baffling rejects unwanted light. Figure 3 is a layout for zoom position #1 with the actual glasses listed [4]. All glass elements use Ohara glass.…”

Section: Optical Design Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telecentric zoom lens designed for the Cygnus x-ray source

Malone

Baker

Brown

et al. 2013

2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)

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Cygnus is a high-energy radiographic x-ray source. Three large zoom lenses have been assembled to collect images from large scintillators. A large elliptical pellicle (394 × 280 mm) deflects the scintillator light out of the x-ray path into an eleven-element zoom lens coupled to a CCD camera. The zoom lens and CCD must be as close as possible to the scintillator to maximize light collection. A telecentric lens design minimizes image blur from a volume source.To maximize the resolution of objects of different sizes, the scintillator and zoom lens are translated along the x-ray axis, and the zoom lens magnification changes. Zoom magnification is also changed when different-sized recording cameras are used (50 or 62 mm square format). The LYSO scintillator measures 200 × 200 mm and is 5 mm thick. The scintillator produces blue light peaking at 435 nm, so special lens materials are required.By swapping out one doublet and allowing all other lenses to be repositioned, the zoom lens can also use a CsI(Tl) scintillator that produces green light centered at 540 nm. All lenses have an anti-reflective coating for both wavelength bands. Two sets of doublets, the stop, the scintillator, and the CCD camera move during zoom operations. One doublet has x-y compensation. Each zoom lens uses 60 lb of glass inside the 425 lb mechanical structure and can be used in either a vertical or horizontal orientation.

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