Design and characterization of pH stimuli‐responsive nanofiber drug delivery system: The promising targeted carriers for tumor therapy

Abstract

New carrier platforms have been designed for an electrospun pyridinium calixarene nanofiber for controlled drug delivery. First, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tertbutyl-25,27-bis(3-aminomethyl-pyridineamido)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (3-AMP) scaffold was produced by electrospinning. AMP scaffold was modified by human serum albumin (HSA), folic acid (FA), and glutathione (GSH). Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded to surfaces of the AMP, AMP-HSA, AMP-HSA-FA, and AMP-HSA-GSH nanofibers by using DOX solution in different buffers with, 2.2, 4.0, 6.0, and 7.4 pH. The release studies DOX from four different nanofibers was also done in a various amount microenviroments by changing pH values. The loading and release amount of DOX was estimated from the calibration curve drawn at 480 and 560 nm of excitation and emission wavelengths by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The loading studies were confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energydispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.

Albumin-based nanosystem for dual-modality imaging-guided chem-phototherapy against immune-cold triple-negative breast cancer

“…In the Figure 1E , the highest temperature achieved in the heating process was 48°C at 1.5 μg/mL [IR780], and the four trials produced the same outcome; therefore, the photothermal efficiency of nanosystem showed a reliable and sustained effect. Moreover, it is widely acknowledged that cancer cells develop a special biochemical microenvironment with an acidic pH range, elevated H 2 O 2 , and reduced catalase activity [ 31 ]. Targeting these characteristics during therapy may reduce adverse effects and enhance the outcomes [ 32 ].…”

Effects of Relative Molecular Weight Distribution and Isoelectric Point on the Swelling Behavior of Gelatin Films

“…The phenomenon could be explained as follows. At pHs close to the pI, the polypeptide chains could be collapsed due to the electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges, which caused the contraction of gelatin chains, the decrease in the surface porosity and swelling ratio of gelatin films; however, at pHs far from the pI, gelatin molecules were protonated and charged, and electrostatic repulsion could extend polypeptide chains and increase the swelling ratios of gelatin films ( Hegab et al, 2020 ; Ozcan and Cagil 2020 ). In either type-B gelatin or type-E gelatin, the changes in the pH of the solution could cause the protonation/deprotonation of polypeptides molecules, leading to charge repulsion and conformational change of gelatin chains, which further affected the swelling properties of gelatin films ( Chen et al, 2019 ).…”

Recent Fabrication Methods to Produce Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Matrices (Experimental and In Silico Approaches)

“…Finally, several studies are focused on the development of new techniques aimed at improving the quality and functionality of the fibers produced by electrospinning: several research lines study how to generate smart fibers, capable of releasing the drug in response to different stimuli [142,143].…”

“…Mathematical modeling applied to drug delivery and its release represents a new and promising scientific field, from which medicine [144,145], the pharmaceutical industry, and research [146], can greatly benefit. Taking advantage of the vast knowledge on well-known physical processes, such as diffusion, degradation, a model appropriately designed and correctly defined from a mathematical point of view can, in short time and with relatively low costs, bring improvements in the design of new [143] therapeutic plans that optimize the administered dose, improving the results of the treatment. This can be easily obtained by exploiting the knowledge on the type of drug used and its release profile, as well as all the information and characteristics of the device employed for its delivery [22,23].…”