Design and characterization of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B2)

Friedl-Vallon, Felix; Maucher, G.; Seefeldner, M.; Trieschmann, Olaf; Kleinert, Anne; Lengel, A.; Keim, C.; Oelhaf, H.; Fischer, H.

doi:10.1364/ao.43.003335

Cited by 130 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In previous analyses of mid-infrared observations by MIPAS-B (the balloon-borne predecessor of the MIPAS satellite instrument; Friedl-Vallon et al, 2004) and MI-PAS/Envisat (MIPAS instrument on the satellite Envisat, generally referred to as "MIPAS" throughout the present work), it has been demonstrated that the limb radiances due to particles have two major contributing terms: (1) the thermal emission of the particles and (2) the scattered radiation from the atmosphere and Earth's surface from below the tangent point (Höpfner et al, , 2006. The relative weights of these contributions differ with particle size and wavenumber.…”

Section: Chemical Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulfur loading by orders of magnitude above the background level and are the most important source of variability in stratospheric sulfur. We present a set of vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol volume densities and derived liquidphase H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) mole fractions for 2005-2012, retrieved from infrared limb emission measurements performed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board of the Environmental Satellite (Envisat). Relative to balloon-borne in situ measurements of aerosol at Laramie, Wyoming, the MIPAS aerosol data have a positive bias that has been corrected, based on the observed differences to the in situ data. We investigate the production of stratospheric sulfate aerosol from volcanically emitted SO 2 for two case studies: the eruptions of Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which both occurred in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal summer. With the help of chemical transport model (CTM) simulations for the two volcanic eruptions we show that the MIPAS sulfate aerosol and SO 2 data are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with each other. Further, we demonstrate that the lifetime of SO 2 is explained well by its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH). While the sedimentation of sulfate aerosol plays a role, we find that the long-term decay of stratospheric sulfur after these volcanic eruptions in midlatitudes is mainly controlled by transport via the BrewerDobson circulation. Sulfur emitted by the two midlatitude volcanoes resides mostly north of 30 • N at altitudes of ∼ 10-16 km, while at higher altitudes (∼ 18-22 km) part of the volcanic sulfur is transported towards the Equator where it is lifted into the stratospheric "overworld" and can further be transported into both hemispheres.

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Section: Chemical Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

et al. 2018

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“…In the next two subsections we compare MIPAS CCl 4 profiles with colocated profiles obtained from the stratospheric balloon version of MIPAS (MIPAS-B; Friedl-Vallon et al, 2004) and from the ACE-FTS onboard the SciSat-1 satellite . …”

Section: Comparison To Other CCL Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCl<sub>4</sub> distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) are regulated by the Montreal Protocol due to its role as a strong ozone-depleting substance. The molecule has been the subject of recent increased interest as a consequence of the so-called "mystery of CCl 4 ", the discrepancy between atmospheric observations and reported production and consumption. Surface measurements of CCl 4 atmospheric concentrations have declined at a rate almost 3 times lower than its lifetime-limited rate, suggesting persistent atmospheric emissions despite the ban. In this paper, we study CCl 4 vertical and zonal distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (including the photolytic loss region, 70-20 hPa), its trend, and its stratospheric lifetime using measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), which operated onboard the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Specifically, we use the MIPAS data product generated with Version 7 of the Level 2 algorithm operated by the European Space Agency.The CCl 4 zonal means show features typical of long-lived species of anthropogenic origin that are destroyed primarily in the stratosphere, with larger quantities in the troposphere and a monotonic decrease with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. MIPAS CCl 4 measurements have been compared with independent measurements from other satellite and balloon-borne remote sounders, showing a good agreement between the different datasets.CCl 4 trends are calculated as a function of both latitude and altitude. Negative trends of about −10 to −15 pptv decade −1 (−10 to −30 % decade −1 ) are found at all latitudes in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere region, apart from a region in the southern midlatitudes between 50 and 10 hPa where the trend is positive with values around 5-10 pptv decade −1 (15-20 % decade −1 ). At the lowest altitudes sounded by MIPAS, we find trends consistent with those determined on the basis of long-term ground-based measurements (−10 to −13 pptv decade −1 ). For higher altitudes, the trend shows a pronounced asymmetry between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the magnitude of the decline rate increases with altitude. We use a simplified model assuming tracer-tracer linear correlations to determine CCl 4 lifetime in the lower stratosphere. The calculation provides a global average lifetime of 47 (39-61) years, considering CFC-11 as the reference tracer. This value is consistent with the most recent literature result of 44 (36-58) years.

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“…2.1. The instrument was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung in Karlsruhe (Germany) and two models were built (Fischer and Oelhaf, 1996;Friedl-Vallon et al, 2004). MIPAS-B interferometers have been operated since 1989 (von Clarmann et al, 1993) and more than 20 flights have been carried out to date.…”

Section: Mipas-b Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

et al. 2016

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) and were used to validate MIPAS CFC-11 and CFC-12 products during that time, as well as profiles from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, ILAS-II. In general, we find that MIPAS shows slightly higher values for CFC-11 at the lower end of the profiles (below ∼ 15 km) and in a comparison of HATS ground-based data and MIPAS measurements at 3 km below the tropopause. Differences range from approximately 10 to 50 pptv (∼ 5-20 %) during the RR period. In general, differences are slightly smaller for the FR period. An indication of a slight high bias at the lower end of the profile exists for CFC-12 as well, but this bias is far less pronounced than for CFC-11 and is not as obvious in the relative differences between MIPAS and any of the comparison instruments. Differences at the lower end of the profile (below ∼ 15 km) and in the comparison of HATS and MIPAS measurements taken at 3 km below the tropopause mainly stay within 10-50 pptv (corresponding to ∼ 2-10 % for CFCPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3356 E. Eckert et al.: MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 and CFC-12: accuracy, precision and long-term stability 12) for the RR and the FR period. Between ∼ 15 and 30 km, most comparisons agree within 10-20 pptv (10-20 %), apart from ILAS-II, which shows large differences above ∼ 17 km. Overall, relative differences are usually smaller for CFC-12 than for CFC-11. For both species -CFC-11 and CFC-12 -we find that differences at the lower end of the profile tend to be larger at higher latitudes than in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, MIPAS profiles have a maximum in their mixing ratio around the tropopause, which is most obvious in tropical mean profiles. Comparisons of the standard deviation in a quiescent atmosphere (polar summer) show that only the CFC-12 FR error budget can fully explain the observed variability, while for the other products (CFC-11 FR and RR and CFC-12 RR) only two-thirds to three-quarters can be explained. Investigations regarding the temporal stability show very small negative drifts in MIPAS CFC-11 measurements. These instrument drifts vary between ∼ 1 and 3 % decade −1 . For CFC-12, the drifts are also negative and close to zero up to ∼ 30 km. Above that altitude, larger drifts of up to ∼ 50 % decade −1 appear which are negative up to ∼ 35 km and positive, but of a similar magnitude, above.

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Design and characterization of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B2)

Cited by 130 publications

References 40 publications

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

CCl<sub>4</sub> distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

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Design and characterization of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B2)

Cited by 130 publications

References 40 publications

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere

CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability

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CCl<sub>4</sub> distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation

MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl₃F) and CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability