Design and chemical evaluation of reduced machine-yield cigarettes

Abstract

Experimental cigarettes (ECs) were made by combining technological applications that individually reduce the machine measured yields of specific toxicants or groups of toxicants in mainstream smoke (MS). Two tobacco blends, featuring a tobacco substitute sheet or a tobacco blend treatment, were combined with filters containing an amine functionalised resin (CR20L) and/or a polymer-derived, high activity carbon adsorbent to generate three ECs with the potential for generating lower smoke toxicant yields than conventional cigarettes. MS yields of smoke constituents were determined under 4 different smoking machine conditions. Health Canada Intense (HCI) machine smoking conditions gave the highest MS yields for nicotine-free dry particulate matter and for most smoke constituents measured. Toxicant yields from the ECs were compared with those from two commercial comparator cigarettes, three scientific control cigarettes measured contemporaneously and with published data on 120 commercial cigarettes. The ECs were found to generate some of the lowest machine yields of toxicants from cigarettes for which published HCI smoke chemistry data are available; these comparisons therefore confirm that ECs with reduced MS machine toxicant yields compared to commercial cigarettes can be produced. The results encourage further work examining human exposure to toxicants from these cigarettes, including human biomarker studies.

Evaluation of an air–liquid interface cell culture model for studies on the inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to tobacco smoke aerosols

“…Chemical analysis of mainstream WS was carried out as previously described (McAdam et al, 2012) and according to the smoking conditions specified in ISO 4387:2000 with a modification to the smoking parameters as described by Gregg et al, 2004. In brief, cigarettes were smoked to ISO or HCI regimens using a Borgwaldt RM20 D smoking machine and the mainstream WS passed through a Cambridge filter pad to remove the particulate phase.…”

Relationship between cigarette format and mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine in smokers of Russian king-size cigarettes

“…These regimes, along with descriptions of the analytical methods used to measure smoke constituents in the present study, have been described in detail previously (McAdam et al, 2011(McAdam et al, , 2012) and on the British American Tobacco science website (www.batscience.com).…”

Reference change values to assess changes in concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in individuals participating in a cigarette-switching study

“…Two groups of subjects continued to smoke the 1 mg and 6 mg commercial cigarettes for the remaining 4 weeks of the study (commercial control groups CC1 and CC6, respectively), whereas the others were switched to an RTP cigarette with the same ISO tar yield as their usual brand (one 6 mg ISO tar yield RTP, TSS6, or one of two 1 mg ISO tar yield RTPs: TSS1, which contained tobacco-substitute sheet in the blend and high activity carbon and amine-functionalised resin in the filter, or BT1, which contained water and enzyme-treated Virginia tobacco in the tobacco blend and the same filter as TSS1). These products are described in greater detail elsewhere [15,[19][20][21][22]. Urine samples were collected and cigarette consumption recorded in two further periods of clinical confinement (Supplemental Data, Figure 1, which accompanies the article at http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ cclm.2014.52.issue-3/issue-files/cclm.2014.52.issue-3.xml).…”

“…The study evaluated levels of BoEs to a range of tobacco smoke toxicants in groups of volunteers who smoked commercial cigarettes throughout the study period or who switched from commercial to reduced-toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes [15]. On average, levels of BoEs were lower in smokers of RTPs than in smokers of conventional cigarettes.…”