“…In designing this floating bridge, however, these standards alone were not sufficient. The major technical challenges are listed below (Maruyama et al 1998a-d;Watanabe et al 1998Watanabe et al , 1999Watanabe et al , 2001aWatanabe et al , b, 2002Watanabe et al , 2003aWatanabe andUtsunomiya 2001, 2003;Watanabe 2003Watanabe , 2004: (1) Since a floating bridge is far more vulnerable to meteorological and oceanographic conditions than a conventional fixed bridge, proper environmental conditions that are suitable to the characteristics of the installation site must be met in designing the bridge. Floating structures have been one of the main focuses of investigation in various occasions, e.g., at the time of planning the Kansai International Airport, and in the ''Mega-Float Project'' led by the Ministry of Transport.…”