Design and Construction of Wetlands for Aqueous Transfers and Transformations of Selected Metals

Wb, Hawkins; Jh, Rodgers; Wb, Gillespie; Aw, Dunn; Pb, Dorn; Ml, Cano

doi:10.1006/eesa.1996.1505

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Percent removal and removal rate coefficients for Pb ranged from 93.1 to greater than 99.3% and 0.474 to 0.964 days -1 , respectively. The removal of Pb in this pilot-scale study is greater than removal found by Hawkins et al (1997) who found 79% removal of Pb with 10.5 inflow concentration and 2.2 ug/L outflow concentration. Percent removal and removal rate coefficients for Zn ranged from 40.0 to 99.8% and 0.128 to 0.758 days -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Simulated Produced Waterscontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Percent removal and removal rate coefficients for Zn ranged from 40.0 to 99.8% and 0.128 to 0.758 days -1 , respectively. Removal of Zn from the simulated PW was comparable to removal observed in microcosm and pilot-scale wetland studies performed by Gillespie et al (1999) and Hawkins et al (1997) who reported removal percentages ranging from 38 to 85%. Performance of the CWTS was least for the metals in the treatment of simulated brackish water; however, 0.157 mg Cd/L, 0.953 mg Cu/L, 2.539 mg Pb/L, and 8.655 mg Zn/L was removed from the water column.…”

Section: Simulated Produced Waterssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Percent removal and removal rate coefficients for Cu ranged from 90.6 to greater than 99.8% and 0.555 to 0.953 days -1 , respectively. Results from this pilot-scale study show greater removal of Cu than results from the Hawkins et al (1997) pilot-scale study with inflow and outflow concentrations of 22.4 and 12 ug/L, respectively, resulting in 33% removal. Murray-Gulde et al (2003) found comparable removal of copper in a full-scale CWTS with 78% removal of total-recoverable Cu, where average inflow and outflow Cu concentrations were 25(±10) ug/L and 6(±3) ug/L, respectively.…”

Section: Simulated Produced Watersmentioning

confidence: 51%

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An Innovative System for the Efficient and Effective Treatment of Non-Traditional Waters for Reuse in Thermoelectric Power Generation

Rodgers¹,

Castle²

2008

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This study assessed opportunities for improving water quality associated with coal-fired power generation including the use of non-traditional waters for cooling, innovative technology for recovering and reusing water within power plants, novel approaches for the removal of trace inorganic compounds from ash pond effluents, and novel approaches for removing biocides from cooling tower blowdown. This research evaluated specifically designed pilot-scale constructed wetland systems for treatment of targeted constituents in non-traditional waters for reuse in thermoelectric power generation and other purposes. The overall objective of this project was to decrease targeted constituents in non-traditional waters to achieve reuse criteria or discharge limitations established by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and Clean Water Act (CWA). The six original project objectives were completed, and results are presented in this final technical report. These objectives included identification of targeted constituents for treatment in four non-traditional water sources, determination of reuse or discharge criteria for treatment, design of constructed wetland treatment systems for these nontraditional waters, and measurement of treatment of targeted constituents in non-traditional waters, as well as determination of the suitability of the treated non-traditional waters for reuse or discharge to receiving aquatic systems. The four non-traditional waters used to accomplish these objectives were ash basin water, cooling water, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) water, and produced water. The contaminants of concern identified in ash basin waters were arsenic, chromium, copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc. Contaminants of concern in cooling waters included free oxidants (chlorine, bromine, and peroxides), copper, lead, zinc, pH, and total dissolved solids. FGD waters contained contaminants of concern including arsenic, boron, chlorides, selenium, mercury, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and zinc. Similar to FGD waters, produced waters contained contaminants of concern that are predominantly inorganic (arsenic, cadmium, chlorides, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, sulfide, zinc, total dissolved solids), but also contained some organics (benzene, PAHs, toluene, total organic carbon, total suspended solids, and oil and grease). Constituents of concern that may cause chemical scaling, biofouling and corrosion, such as pH, hardness and ionic strength, and nutrients (P, K, and N) may also be found in all four non-traditional waters. NPDES permits were obtained for these non-traditional waters and these permit limits are summarized in tabular format within this report. These limits were used to establish treatment goals for this research along with toxicity values for Ceriodaphnia dubia, water quality criteria established by the US EPA, irrigation standards established by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and reuse standards focused on minimization of damage to the power plant by treate...

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Section: Simulated Produced Waterscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Simulated Produced Waterssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Simulated Produced Watersmentioning

confidence: 51%

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An Innovative System for the Efficient and Effective Treatment of Non-Traditional Waters for Reuse in Thermoelectric Power Generation

Rodgers¹,

Castle²

2008

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“…Les marais construits peuvent aussi servir au traitement de polluants d'origine agricole, comme les excès de phosphore et d'azote (MlTSCH et GOS-SELINK, 2000;REDDY étal., 1999 ;WOOD et MCATAMNEY, 1996). Ils sont utilisés pour le traitement des métaux contenus dans les eaux usées et dans le drainage minier acide (HAWKINS et al, 1997). Cependant, la rétention des métaux par les marais construits est variable et les facteurs expliquant cette variabilité sont encore peu connus (KADLEC et KNIGHT, 1996).…”

Section: -Introductionunclassified

Évaluation de la capacité de rétention des métaux dissous d'un marais artificiel en utilisant le périphyton et le gastéropode Helisoma trivolvis

Simonyi-Poirier¹,

Goulet²,

Pick³

2005

rseau

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SUMMARYUrban and agricultural development has had a significant impact on the water quality of rivers and lakes around the world. In the last few décades, constructed wetlands hâve been designed as wastewater treatment Systems to prevent water quality détérioration in natural receiving waters. Constructed wetlands are built because they are considered sinks for many pollutants thereby protecting the water quality of downstream ecosystems. The treatment performance of thèse wetlands is generally assessed using mass balance calculations. However, the rétention of metals by constructed wetlands is highly variable and the factors involved are still poorly understood. If wetlands are sinks for metals, the métal content of organisms should be lower downstream than upstream. In this context, organisms can be useful to assess the réten-tion or transformation of metals by wetlands.The objective of this study was to détermine whether periphyton and the gastropod Helisoma trivolvis Say could be used to evaluate the rétention of dissolved metals in a constructed wetland. H. trivolvis is a freshwater pulmonate snail widespread in ponds across North America. It feeds mostly on periphyton and is more or less sedentary. Snails hâve been used as biomonitors because several species are métal tolérant. However, compared to snails, periphytic microorganisms may track more closely dissolved métal concentrations as they take up metals principally from the water column.This study was conducted at the Monahan Pond in Kanata, Ontario (Canada). This wetland was built in 1995 to treat run-off from an agricultural and residential watershed. Water chemistry samples, snails and periphyton grown on artificial substrata were collected at both the inlet and the Simonyi-Poirier et al. outlet of the wetland in the fall of 1999. Tissue samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid and métal analyses were done by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). During the experiment several chemical parameters differed between the inlet and the outlet. Alkalinity was signifîcantly higher at the inlet and ail major cation concentrations were higher at the inlet. The température was on average 3 °C higher at the outlet. Mass balance calculations showed that the wetland was a sink for most dissolved metals. Snails and periphyton tissue métal concentrations were higher at the inlet than at the outlet for Cd and Ni. However, no significant diffé-rences were observed between inlet and outlet tissue concentrations for Cr and Al, whereas Mn was actually significantly higher at the outlet. As a resuit, the métal content of the organisms did not consistently reflect the dissolved métal concentrations in water. For ail metals except Cd and Zn, periphyton concentrations were on average higher than snail métal concentrations. Periphyton analyses can provide a more conservative measure of métal contamination and, when artificial substrates are used, correspond to defined and known periods of exposure.Rev. Sci. Eau, 16(2), 2003 M.This study demon...

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“…Principles of natur wetlands will be applied to constructing a treatment system designed to ensure the desired reactions at predictable rates. This is a proven approach and has been used successfully for treatment of various waste fluids, including refinery effluent and brines produced from oilfields (e.g., Moshiri, 1993;Hawkins et al, 1997;Gillespie et al, 2000;Huddleston et al, 2000;M et al, 2001, Murray-Gulde, 2003 …”

Section: Aste Treatment and Green House Gas Emissions Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Dissolution of Carbonate Rock: An Innovative Process for Gas Storage

Castle¹,

Falta²,

Bruce³

et al. 2006

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The goal of the project is to develop and assess the feasibility and economic viability of an innovative concept that may lead to commercialization of new gas-storage capacity near major markets. The investigation involves a new approach to developing underground gas storage in carbonate rock, which is present near major markets in many areas of the United States. Because of the lack of conventional gas storage and the projected growth in demand for storage capacity, many of these areas are likely to experience shortfalls in gas deliverability. Since depleted gas reservoirs and salt formations are nearly non-existent in many areas, alternatives to conventional methods of gas storage are required. The need for improved methods of gas storage, particularly for ways to meet peak demand, is increasing. Gas-market conditions are driving the need for higher deliverability and more flexibility in injection/withdrawal cycling. In order to meet these needs, the project involves an innovative approach to developing underground storage capacity by creating caverns in carbonate rock formations by acid dissolution. The basic concept of the aciddissolution method is to drill to depth, fracture the carbonate rock layer as needed, and then create a cavern using an aqueous acid to dissolve the carbonate rock.Assessing feasibility of the acid-dissolution method included a regional geologic investigation. Data were compiled and analyzed from carbonate formations in six states: Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York. To analyze the requirements for creating storage volume, the following aspects of the dissolution process were examined: weight and volume of rock to be dissolved; gas storage pressure, temperature, and volume at depth; rock solubility; and acid costs. Hydrochloric acid was determined to be the best acid to use because of low cost, high acid solubility, fast reaction rates with carbonate rock, and highly soluble products (calcium chloride) that allow for the easy removal of calcium waste from the well. Physical and chemical analysis of core samples taken from prospective geologic formations for the acid dissolution process confirmed that many of the limestone samples readily dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Further, some samples contained oily residues that may help to seal the walls of the final cavern structure. These results suggest that there exist carbonate rock formations well suited for the dissolution technology and that the presence of inert impurities had no noticeable effect on the dissolution rate for the carbonate rock.A sensitivity analysis was performed for characteristics of hydraulic fractures induced in carbonate formations to enhance the dissolution process. Multiple fracture simulations were conducted using modeling software that has a fully 3-D fracture geometry package. The simulations, which predict the distribution of fracture geometry and fracture conductivity, show that the stress difference between adjacent beds is the physical property of the f...

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Design and Construction of Wetlands for Aqueous Transfers and Transformations of Selected Metals

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

An Innovative System for the Efficient and Effective Treatment of Non-Traditional Waters for Reuse in Thermoelectric Power Generation

An Innovative System for the Efficient and Effective Treatment of Non-Traditional Waters for Reuse in Thermoelectric Power Generation

Évaluation de la capacité de rétention des métaux dissous d'un marais artificiel en utilisant le périphyton et le gastéropode Helisoma trivolvis

Fracture Dissolution of Carbonate Rock: An Innovative Process for Gas Storage

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