Design and Critical Evaluation of Improved Electrothermal Vaporization Flame Atomic Absorption/Emission Spectrometry for Direct Determination of Trace Metals in Microliter Samples

Developments in the Determination of Trace Elements by Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques

“…The major objective of this work was to develop a device that was simple, inexpensive, and easily connected to conventional FAAS, to directly determine trace metals in microliter samples without sample pretreatment. Further studies on the determination of trace metals in urine, corn starch, and milk powder with the described ETV-FAAS system are in progress and will be published in due course (Lee et al 1998). …”

Design of a Portable Electrothermal Vaporization Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry Device for Field Analysis

“…ETVs have been fashioned from an array of materials such as tantalum, graphite, or tungsten, with graphite being the most popular. [5][6][7][8] However, graphite ETVs require large power supplies and often suffer from memory effects. Metal ETVs are a good alternative because of their lower power requirements, high melting points, and chemical inertness.…”