Design and demonstration of a dynamometric horseshoe for measuring ground reaction loads of horses during racing conditions

Roland, Elizabeth S.; Hull, Maury L.; Stover, Susan M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.024

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Dafür ist es unerlässlich, im Einzelfall die exakte individuelle Lokalisation des Abrollpunktes zu ermitteln, obwohl sich der Abrollpunkt in Übereinstimmung mit den Angaben aus neueren Untersuchungen (Wilson et al 1998, Eliashar et al 2002, van Heel et al 2004 (Wilson et al 1998, Eliashar et al 2002, van Heel et al 2004, Roland et al 2005, van Heel et al 2006 Allerdings ist zu beachten, dass die speziell für die Messung der Druckverteilung entwickelten Hufsensoren gewisse Nachteile in der Messung absoluter Kraftwerte gegenüber Kraftmessplatten, dem Goldstandard auf diesem Gebiet (Perino et al 2007), aufweisen (Luo et al 1998, Sumiya et al 1998, Morin et al 2001, Perino et al 2007). Sie sind jedoch für Messungen relativer Belastungsunterschiede des Hufes geeignet (Sumiya et al 1998) und ermöglichen daher die Analyse der Hufbalance wie in der vorliegenden und ähnlichen Studien (Caudron et al 1998, Perino et al 2007, Reilly 2010 …”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Er liegt idealerweise unter der Hufmitte und damit unterhalb des Hufgelenkes. Bei Abweichung der Position des Kräfteschwerpunktes von der Hufmitte werden übermäßige Belastungen bestimmter anatomischer Regionen mit orthopä-dischen Erkrankungen als Folge befürchtet (Eliashar et al 2002, Eliashar et al 2004, Willemen et al 1997, Wilson et al 1998, Barrey 1990, Dohne 1991, Roland et al 2005, van Heel et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the HoofTM System (Tekscan®)

Lange¹,

Kattelans²,

Rohn³

et al. 2012

PHK

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ZusammenfassungDie kinetische Bewegungsanalyse dient beim Pferd u.a. dazu, die Beurteilung von Hufkorrekturmaßnahmen mit technischen Mitteln zu verbessern. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass derartige Untersuchungen mit dem hier getesteten, relativ kostengünstigen Hoof TM -System (Tekscan ® ) zur Ermittlung der Druckverteilung unter der Hufsohle nicht nur wissenschaftlich, sondern auch unter Klinikbedingungen möglich sind. Außerdem wurde mit dieser Methode die Fußung, die Belastung und der Abrollvorgang der Vordergliedmaßen von 10 Pferden auf dem Laufband untersucht. Bei den überwiegend zeheneng gestellten Gliedmaßen der Probanden dieser Studie traten erwartungsgemäß am häufigsten die laterale Fußung, eine stärkere Belastung der lateralen Hufhälfte und ein Abrollen über die laterale Zehe auf. Eine nicht geringe Anzahl von Gliedmaßen entsprach allerdings in Bezug auf die Interaktionen zwischen speziellen Gliedmaßen-bzw. Zehenstellungen und Hufformen einerseits mit der Fußung und der Belastung andererseits nicht den überlieferten Erwartungen. Deshalb ist zusätz-lich zu der Erfassung der Gliedmaßenkonformation eine individuelle Ganganalyse, z.B. zur Optimierung der Hufbalance, erforderlich. Die auf historischen Beobachtungen beruhende Fußungstheorie, die auch heute noch einen basalen Stellenwert im Rahmen der Hufzubereitung hat, wurde durch die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie mit moderner Technik als weiterhin bedeutsam bestätigt.Schlüsselwörter: Bewegungsanalyse / Kinetik / Hufsensor / Hufkorrektur / Fußungstheorie / Pferd Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the Hoof TM System (Tekscan ® )Kinetic analysis of equine gait is used, among other purposes, as a technical means to aid in the clinical assessment of the effects of hoof trimming. The current study shows that the relatively low-priced Hoof TM System (Tekscan ® ) for hoof pressure measurement allows such investigations not only for scientific purposes, but also in clinical conditions. Additionally, initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over of the fore hooves of 10 horses on the treadmill were analyzed with this technique. The limbs, which mostly had a toe-in conformation, showed predominantly, as expected, lateral landing, higher loading of the lateral aspect of the hoof and lateral break-over. However, a certain number of limbs showed motion and loading patterns that were not expected based on traditional interpretations of the effects of hoof and distal limb conformation. Therefore, gait analysis should be performed on an individual basis in this type of animals, for example for optimising hoof balance. The theory of dynamic hoof balance (Fußungstheorie), which is empirically based but still is fundamental for practical hoof trimming today, was confirmed by the results of the present study.

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the HoofTM System (Tekscan®)

Lange¹,

Kattelans²,

Rohn³

et al. 2012

PHK

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“…In these experiments, the left fore-hooves of two thoroughbred horses were fitted with a force-measuring shoe, and the horses galloped on a turf track while carrying a 67kg rider. Details of the instrumented horseshoe are given in Roland et al (Roland et al, 2005). Nine circular markers were painted onto the skin on the lateral aspects of the limb segments to determine the configuration of the left distal forelimb during the gallop; one marker was placed at the center of rotation of each of the following joints: the DIP joint, the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and the MCP joint.…”

Section: Gait Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between muscle forces, joint loading and utilization of elastic strain energy in equine locomotion

Harrison

Whitton

Kawcak

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYStorage and utilization of strain energy in the elastic tissues of the distal forelimb of the horse is thought to contribute to the excellent locomotory efficiency of the animal. However, the structures that facilitate elastic energy storage may also be exposed to dangerously high forces, especially at the fastest galloping speeds. In the present study, experimental gait data were combined with a musculoskeletal model of the distal forelimb of the horse to determine muscle and joint contact loading and muscle-tendon work during the stance phase of walking, trotting and galloping. The flexor tendons spanning the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint -specifically, the superficial digital flexor (SDF), interosseus muscle (IM) and deep digital flexor (DDF) -experienced the highest forces. Peak forces normalized to body mass for the SDF were 7.3±2.1, 14.0±2.5 and 16.7±1.1Nkg -1 in walking, trotting and galloping, respectively. The contact forces transmitted by the MCP joint were higher than those acting at any other joint in the distal forelimb, reaching 20.6±2.8, 40.6±5.6 and 45.9±0.9Nkg -1 in walking, trotting and galloping, respectively. The tendons of the distal forelimb (primarily SDF and IM) contributed between 69 and 90% of the total work done by the muscles and tendons, depending on the type of gait. The tendons and joints that facilitate storage of elastic strain energy in the distal forelimb also experienced the highest loads, which may explain the high frequency of injuries observed at these sites.

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“…Ground-based reaction forces and the measurement of propulsive forces were used to evaluate the walking gait of animals [8] . Budsberg et al [9] used force plates to acquire kinetic data and based on the vertical reaction force and the morphological correlation between the research force and body parameters. Tashman et al [10] studied hounds lacking anterior cruciate ligament and measured the kinematic data of the cruciate ligaments using the RSA system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of agricultural bionic mechanisms: investigation of the effect of joint angle and pressure on the stability of goats moving on sloping lands

Zhang

Li-min

Wang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Abstract:The use of small-scale agricultural machinery becomes prevalent as it provides the stability of agricultural machinery research ideas. To lay the theoretical foundation for the research and design of agriculture walking mechanism, the Phantom Camera Control software was used to measure the anterior and posterior joint angle of a goat walking on different slopes. Foot pressure was measured by the film pressure sensor. The result of joint motion sequence, range of motion, and change of range showed that the fitting degree of the measured value was accurate. As the goat walking speed increased, the level of the hind limb angle changed to ensure itself stability. When the goat is walking, the forelimbs bear more weight than the hind limbs due to the different static and physiological structures of the front and rear legs. The key parameters of gait on different slopes were analyzed. The curve of angle change of legs was measured and analyzed when the goat is walking in slope. The results showed that, with the increase of the slope gradient, the anterior hip angle ranges from 83.3° to 117.1°, the posterior hip angle ranges at 120.3°-173.1°, the left knee angle ranges from 91.3° to 170.1°, the right knee angle is roughly the same as its range of variation. When the slope increased, the pressure change of left hind foot was consistent with that of the right anterior foot, and the pressure change of right hind foot was consistent with that of the left anterior foot. This demonstrated the theory of diagonal gait. Meanwhile, with the change of the slope, the plantar pressure of the limbs changes periodically. The research results verified the rationality of the four-legged bionic mechanism under various parameters, which can provide a theoretical basis for the design of agricultural walking mechanism to adapt different slopes in the hilly and mountainous areas.

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Design and demonstration of a dynamometric horseshoe for measuring ground reaction loads of horses during racing conditions

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the HoofTM System (Tekscan®)

Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the HoofTM System (Tekscan®)

Relationship between muscle forces, joint loading and utilization of elastic strain energy in equine locomotion

Development of agricultural bionic mechanisms: investigation of the effect of joint angle and pressure on the stability of goats moving on sloping lands

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