Design and Detailing Guidelines for Bridge Columns Subjected to Blast and Other Extreme Loads

Blast Loaded Columns—State of the Art Review

“…To increase the shear capacity of the column at the base and the ductility, it is necessary to increase the amount of transverse reinforcement. Moreover, columns with continuous spirals had a better performance than columns with discrete ties, which confirms the recommendation given in [8]. Due to changes in column design, the weight of charge, and standoff distance, several levels of damage were obtained [37,38].…”

“…A list of conducted experimental research is provided in Table 1. Bruneau et al [6] Multicolumn bents Field CFCSC 1:4 Fujikura et al [7] Multicolumn bents Field CFST 1:4 Davis et al [8] Bridge column Field RC S. s. + 1:2 Fujikura and Bruneau [9] Multicolumn bents Field RC and RC SJ 1:4 Williamson et al [4] Bridge column Field RC 1:2 Crawford [10] Building column Field RC + FRP + SJ 1:1 Burrell et al [11] Column Shock tube SFRC 1:2 Zhang et al [12] Building column Field CFST 1:1 Aoude et al [13] Building column Shock tube UHPFRC 1:1 Codina et al [14] Building column Field RC 1:1 Codina et al [15,16] Building column Field RC, RC SJ, RC + polyurethane bricks 1:1 Xu et al [17] Column Field UHPFRC + HSRC 1:1 Echevarria et al [18] Bridge column Field CFFT + RC 1:5 Fouché et al [5] Multicolumn bents Field RC MSJ 1:4 Wang et al [19] Column Filed RPC-FST 1:1…”

“…Compared to the CFST columns, these columns did not exhibit a ductile behavior. Davis et al [8] conducted an experiment in two phases. In the first phase, they tested eight small-scale columns where they first changed the standoff distance and then the amount of explosive charge while the scaled distance was kept fixed.…”

“…The test setup did not include axial load because low levels of axial loads provide greater capacity to the column, and without axial load, tests are on the conservative side. Five experimental observations and guidelines for the design of blast-loaded columns are provided in [4,8,35]:…”

An Overview of Methods for Blast Load Testing and Devices for Pressure Measurement

“…Researchers are focused on detecting new ways for slab strengthening by using different types of materials as concrete aggregate [15], adding steel [16][17][18][19][20][21], carbon [22], and polypropylene [4,23] fibres or using higher resistance concrete classes [24]. Experiments on columns are also conducted in the attempt to determine whether or not seismically designed bridge or building columns are capable of sustaining significant blast load before collapsing or is it necessary to conduct retrofitting [5,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Tests are summarized in Table 1 [5,29] structure is constructed for simulating column top/head boundary condition.…”