“…While limited by manufacturing process, actuation method and volume limitation, the microgripper needs simple structure and special actuators to be easily fabricated and actuated. Up to now, electrostatic effect [3,6,7], electromagnetic effect [8], electro-thermal effect [9][10][11], pneumatic scheme [12], magnetic field [4,13], piezoelectric materials [14][15][16][17], shape memory alloy (SMA) [18,19], ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) [5,[20][21][22], carbon nanotube/polymer composites [23] are all studied to actuate micro-grippers. As the scale of actuators in the microgripper does not always directly match the scale of the microgripper finger, most electrostatic, electro-thermal and piezoelectric solutions need complex and appropriate mechanical structure to convert electric energy to the movement of the micro-gripper.…”