Design and Development of Imprinted Polymer Inclusion Membrane‐Based Field Monitoring Device for Trace Determination of Phorate (O,O‐Diethyl S‐Ethyl Thiomethyl Phophorodithioate) in Natural Waters

Abstract

A biomimetic potentiometric field monitoring device was developed for the trace determination of phorate (O,Odiethyl S-ethyl thiomethyl phophorodithioate) in natural waters. The sensing element was fabricated by the inclusion of phorate imprinted polymer materials in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. The sensor surface can be reused without conditioning unlike most other conventional sensors. Operational parameters such as amount and nature of plasticizers sensing material, pH and response time were optimized. The response characteristics of the non-imprinted (NIPIM) and imprinted polymer inclusion membrane (IPIM) sensors for phorate were compared under optimum conditions. The IPIM sensor responds linearly to phorate in the concentration in the ranges 1 Â 10 À9 to 1 Â 10 À6 M and 1 Â 10 À6 to 1 Â 10 À5 M of different slopes with a detection limit of 1 Â 10 À9 M. The selectivity was tested with various common organophosphorous (OP) pesticides and herbicides. In addition to superior sensitivity and selectivity of IPIM over NIPIM-based sensor, IPIM-based phorate sensor was found to be stable for 3 months and can be used for more than 40 times without any loss in sensitivity. The applicability for analyzing ground, river and tap-water samples was successfully demonstrated via recovery studies.

Molecularly Imprinted Membranes: Past, Present, and Future

“…The system was successfully used in a competitive binding assay of morphine and L-phenylalanine anilide, except that the sensor required a long equilibrium time (2 h) and a long response time (20 min). A similar technique was used by Prasad et al 221 for the analysis of phorate in natural water. An imprinted MIP immobilized in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix was attached at the end of a pyrex tube for the electrochemical detection of phorate.…”

Bio-Mimetic Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Membranes

“…The sensing element was produced by the inclusion of a phorate-imprinted polymer in a polyvinyl chloride membrane. The detection limit was 1 × 10 −9 M. The applicability of this new sensor for analyzing ground, river and tap-waters was demonstrated and it was promising for routine monitoring of phorate [ 259 ]. Furthermore, pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP), a degradation product and an active analogue of soman (a highly toxic nerve agent) was chosen as template to evaluate the sensing performance of potentiometric sensors which employed MIMs prepared by bulk, precipitation and suspension polymerization methods based on non-covalent molecular imprinting [ 260 ].…”

Development of N-ferrocenyl(benzoyl)amino-acid esters stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography

“…But neuroinhibitors such as organophosphorus pesticides display a high acute toxicity in humans [24]. Consequently, there is a growing interest in fast and more sensitive detection systems [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Also in this paper, we try to develop the rapid analysis of oganophosphorus pesticides in vegetable sample by simple HPLC method on L 1 AminoSil column.…”