Design and development of infrared turbidity sensor for Aluminium Sulfate coagulant process

Adzuan, Mohamad Azrulamin; Rahiman, Mohd Hezri Fazalul; Azman, Ahmad Aftas

doi:10.1109/icsgrc.2017.8070577

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous work has tested the utility of near-IR diode emitters and receivers as turbidity sensors. Adzuan et al (2017) utilized one emitter with three receivers (mounted at 90 • or 180 • angles from the emitter) to measure Aluminum Sulfate coagulants (commonly used in water treatment processes). This sensor yielded a linear response spanning less than 0.2 V for turbidities of 0-100 NTU, and a linear response with different slope spanning approximately 0.1V for turbidities of 200-1000 NTU.…”

Section: Existing Open-source Turbidity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenOBS: Open-source, low-cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment-transport research

Eidam¹,

Langhorst²,

Goldstein³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Optical backscatter sensors (OBSs) are commonly used to measure the turbidity, or light obscuration, of water in fresh and marine environments and various industrial applications. These turbidity measurements are commonly calibrated to yield total suspended solids (TSS) or suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measurements for water quality, sediment transport, and diverse other research and environmental management applications. Commercial sensors generally cost >$1000-3000. Here we leveraged simple, low-cost microprocessors, electronics, and housing components to design and construct open-source OBSs for <$150 per unit. The circuit relies on a photodiode to sense the backscattered light, two stages of signal amplification, and a high resolution analogue-to-digital convert to read the detected value. The instrument and logger utilize inexpensive, custom-printed circuit boards with through-hole soldering mounts; micro-SD card reader and real-time clock modules; and PVC housings with commercial end caps and epoxy-potted diode emitter and receiver. All parts are readily and publicly available, and minimal experience in soldering and coding is required to build and deploy the sensor. In lab and field tests, standard deviations were comparable to those measured by commercial sensors (~2-3% of the mean for suspended muds and 20-30% for suspended sands). These open-source sensors represent a useful advance in inexpensive sensing technology with broad applications across scientific and environmental management disciplines.

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Section: Existing Open-source Turbidity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenOBS: Open-source, low-cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment-transport research

Eidam¹,

Langhorst²,

Goldstein³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous work has tested the utility of near-IR diode emitters and receivers as turbidity sensors. Adzuan et al (2017) utilized one emitter with three receivers (mounted at 90 or 180 angles from the emitter) to measure aluminum sulfate coagulants (commonly used in water treatment processes). This sensor yielded a linear response spanning less than 0.2 V for turbidities of 0-100 NTU, and a linear response with different slope spanning $ 0.1 V for turbidities of 200-1000 NTU.…”

Section: Existing Open-source Turbidity Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenOBS: Open‐source, low‐cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment‐transport research

Eidam

Langhorst

Goldstein

et al. 2021

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Optical backscatter sensors (OBSs) are commonly used to measure the turbidity, or light obscuration, of water in fresh and marine environments and various industrial applications. These turbidity data are commonly calibrated to yield total suspended solids (TSS) or suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measurements for water quality, sediment transport, and diverse other research and environmental management applications. Commercial sensors generally cost > $1000-3000. Here we leveraged simple, low-cost microprocessors, electronics, and housing components to design and construct open-source OBSs for < $150 per unit. The circuit relies on a photodiode to sense backscattered light, two stages of signal amplification, and a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter to read the detected signal. The instrument and logger utilize inexpensive, custom-printed circuit boards with through-hole soldering mounts; micro-SD card reader and real-time clock modules; and PVC housings with commercial end caps and epoxy-potted diode emitter and receiver. All parts are readily and publicly available, and minimal experience in soldering and coding is required to build and deploy the sensor. In lab and field tests, standard deviations were comparable to those measured by commercial sensors ($ 2-3% of the mean for suspended muds and 20-30% for suspended sands). These open-source sensors represent a useful advance in inexpensive sensing technology with broad applications across scientific and environmental management disciplines.

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“…Although these developments demonstrated good correlation between the measured results and the reference turbidity readings, many of them exhibit limitations when it comes to meeting the requirements for in situ, field monitoring applications. Several designs lack robust waterproof enclosures, making them unsuitable for practical field deployments [28,31,34,37,38,41]. For instance, Wang et al (2018) designed a turbidity sensor for fresh water monitoring [41], but the device is primarily an experimental setup involving connected electrical components without a waterproof enclosure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these sensors impose constraints such as channelling the water through a specific tubing or extracting water into a chamber or container. For example, Azman et al (2017) required water to be passed through a pipe to enable accurate measurements, thus imposing tight constraints on the scenarios where this sensor can be used [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, researchers have developed low-cost devices for measuring turbidity in surface water, drinking water, or natural water bodies [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Although these developments demonstrated good correlation between the measured results and the reference turbidity readings, many of them exhibit limitations when it comes to meeting the requirements for in situ, field monitoring applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Compact, Low-Cost, and Low-Power Turbidity Sensor for Continuous In Situ Stormwater Monitoring

Wang,

Shi,

Catsamas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Turbidity stands as a crucial indicator for assessing water quality, and while turbidity sensors exist, their high cost prohibits their extensive use. In this paper, we introduce an innovative turbidity sensor, and it is the first low-cost turbidity sensor that is designed specifically for long-term stormwater in-field monitoring. Its low cost (USD 23.50) enables the implementation of high spatial resolution monitoring schemes. The sensor design is available under open hardware and open-source licences, and the 3D-printed sensor housing is free to modify based on different monitoring purposes and ambient conditions. The sensor was tested both in the laboratory and in the field. By testing the sensor in the lab with standard turbidity solutions, the proposed low-cost turbidity sensor demonstrated a strong linear correlation between a low-cost sensor and a commercial hand-held turbidimeter. In the field, the low-cost sensor measurements were statistically significantly correlated to a standard high-cost commercial turbidity sensor. Biofouling and drifting issues were also analysed after the sensors were deployed in the field for more than 6 months, showing that both biofouling and drift occur during monitoring. Nonetheless, in terms of maintenance requirements, the low-cost sensor exhibited similar needs compared to the GreenSpan sensor.

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Design and development of infrared turbidity sensor for Aluminium Sulfate coagulant process

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

OpenOBS: Open-source, low-cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment-transport research

OpenOBS: Open-source, low-cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment-transport research

OpenOBS: Open‐source, low‐cost optical backscatter sensors for water quality and sediment‐transport research

A Compact, Low-Cost, and Low-Power Turbidity Sensor for Continuous In Situ Stormwater Monitoring

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