Design and Evaluation for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This systematic review broadly attempted to synthesize all relevant evidence residing in the Scopus, IEEE Xplore and MDPI databases, in order to inform the related Research Questions of this work. More precisely, the review protocol includes a broad and comprehensive search for eligible data sets from the Scopus, IEEE Xplore and MDPI databases, published from January 2017 to December 2022 by using inclusion/exclusion search criteria. Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was commissioned to assess and analyze the quality of 69 quantitative studies. The findings generally received positive feedback and there was a discussion about the results. This work was an original contribution guided by pedagogical theory and the validity of the evaluation constitutes a proposal for future improvement.

Availability of Human Resource Learning Content in Virtual Reality: Reasons and Implications

“…The research found that a third of the studies (24%) focused on subjects within the realm of Natural Sciences, encompassing disciplines such as geography, biology, and chemistry. This was followed by Engineering (15%) ranked second highest, with the third highest VR content designs in Health Science (11%) (Cao et al, 2023). Figure 2 presents the imbalance in the development of VR learning content.…”

“…Figure 2 presents the imbalance in the development of VR learning content. Source: (Cao et al, 2023) The research paper by Cao (2023) notes that the challenge of limited VR content has been raised by various researchers and continuous to hinge the adoption of VR within the educational field (Lege & Bonner, 2020); more specifically, within the human resources (HR) realm where VR can be used successfully for HR training purposes. The implication of not utilizing VR in HR management is that it may lead to a significant impact on an organization's operations, with processes not being automated, which can result in wasting cost and time.…”

“…The design and development of an immersive experience are intrinsically linked to effective pedagogy, which includes appropriate tools and resources, as well as learning content. Cao et al (2023) add that "in terms of pedagogy, the instructional content design is one of the most crucial aspects of the transactions that has do with the learning and teaching process, and the success of an immersive virtual reality environment largely depends on the instructional content design". The development of an immersive experience has the sole purpose of enhancing the learning experience and keeping the student engaged (Campos et al, 2022;Lege & Bonner, 2020).…”

“…Several researchers conducted systematic reviews to determine the success of VR learning. From these studies, it is evident that there are many advantages to the use of VR in education, of which the most significant is the increase in student engagement that takes place during VR learning (Cao et al, 2023). VR can even improve a student's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral capabilities (Hamlin & Sage, 2011).…”

The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality on Knowledge Acquisition and Adolescent Perceptions in Cultural Education

“…The findings from recent reviews [21] and metanalyses [25,26] affirm that VR-based educational methodologies consistently outperform conventional instructional techniques in multiple aspects including knowledge acquisition, skill development, and motivational levels. These advantages are primarily attributed to the high levels of interactivity and the degree of immersion that VR platforms afford [27].…”