Design and evaluation of a large-scale autostereoscopic multi-view laser display for outdoor applications

Abstract

State-of-the-art autostereoscopic displays often do not comply with mandatory requirements for outdoor use, because of their limitations in size, luminance, number of 3D viewing zones, and maximum 3D viewing distances. In this paper we propose a concept for a modular autostereoscopic multi-view laser display with sunlight readable luminance, theoretically up to several thousand 3D viewing zones, and maximum 3D viewing distances of up to 70 meters. Each picture element contains three laser diodes, a cylindrical microlens, as well as a MEMS mirror, which deflects the collimated light beams to the left and right eyes of multiple viewers in a time-multiplexed manner. To demonstrate the principle, we have developed a prototype display with 5 x 3 picture elements.

Beam shaping with tip-tilt varifocal mirror for indoor optical wireless communication

“…Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are used in a wide range of optical applications, such as displays [1][2][3], biomedical imaging [4][5][6], and communications [7][8][9][10]. Most current research and commercially available MEMS mirrors utilize a flat design and typically employ passive optics to shape the beam.…”

Beam-clipping-induced diffraction effects in MEMS laser scanners for autostereoscopic outdoor displays

“…MEMS laser scanners consist of a laser light source with one or more laser diodes emitting light of usually different wavelengths, collimation optics, and at least one onedimensional (1D) or a single two-dimensional (2D) scanning MEMS mirror, which are capable of deflecting the collimated light beams in one or two spatial dimensions. These scanners are employed in a variety of different display applications, such as flying spot pico projectors [2], large-scale autostereoscopic outdoor displays [3][4][5], head-up displays [6], and retinal scanning displays [7]. Other applications range from confocal microscopy [8] and optical coherence tomography (OCT) [9] to light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [10], laser printers [11], bar code readers [12], and optical cross-connects [13].…”

“…For many applications the quality of the scanned laser beams is crucial, e.g., for autostereoscopic outdoor displays where the divergence angle of the collimated laser beams is the most important system parameter since this optical parameter is directly related to the maximum distance at which a viewer can perceive the stereoscopic effect [3][4][5]. The major optical limitations of MEMS laser scanners are the static and dynamic flatness of the scanning mirror as well as the clipping of the reflected beam, e.g., due to the finite size of the reflective surface.…”

“…As an example, the beam clipping theory is then applied to a laser scanner for autostereoscopic outdoor displays [3][4][5]. Fig.…”

“…This not only generates a stereo parallax (i.e., a viewer can see a different image with each eye) but also a movement parallax (i.e., a viewer can see different images when moving his head). The firstgeneration prototype display from [3] has a pitch between adjacent trixels of 12 mm. For comparison, state-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D) LED displays for outdoor applications nowadays have pixel pitches of up to 30 mm.…”