Design and Evaluation of a Low-Latency CPC Environment for Virtual IEDs

Carvalho, R. G.; Antunes, Mário; Barraca, João Paulo; Gomes, Diogo; Aguiar, Rui L.

doi:10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978874

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…The Centralized Protection and Control concept, presented in [47,48,49], constitutes one of the most realistic efforts towards SS virtualization, covering the issues surrounding the consolidation of mixed-criticality workloads (hard-RT and general-purpose), the ability so implement virtual IEDs (vIEDS) in commodity x86 hardware, support for network determinism and implementation of orquestration (this latter aspect being frequently overlooked in other studies).…”

Section: H Ss Function Virtualization: the Road Ahead?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

Gaspar

Cruz

Lam

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Electrical grids generate, transport, distribute and deliver electrical power to consumers through a complex Critical Infrastructure which progressively shifted from an air-gaped to a connected architecture. Specifically, Smart Substations are important parts of Smart Grids, providing switching, transforming, monitoring, metering and protection functions to offer a safe, efficient and reliable distribution of electrical power to consumers. The evolution of electrical power grids was closely followed by the digitization of all its parts and improvements in communication and computing infrastructures, leading to an evolution towards digital smart substations with improved connectivity. However, connected smart substations are exposed to cyber threats which can result in blackouts and faults which may propagate in a chain reaction and damage electrical appliances connected across the electrical grid. This work organizes and offers a comprehensive review of architectural, communications and cybersecurity standards for smart substations, complemented by a threat landscape analysis and the presentation of a Defense-in-Depth strategy blueprint. Furthermore, this work examines several defense mechanisms documented in the literature, existing datasets, testbeds and evaluation methodologies, identifying the most relevant open issues which may guide and inspire future research work.

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Section: H Ss Function Virtualization: the Road Ahead?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

Gaspar

Cruz

Lam

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Container-based Virtualization for Real-time Industrial Systems—A Systematic Review

Queiroz,

Cruz,

Mendes

et al. 2023

ACM Comput. Surv.

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Industrial Automation And Control systems have matured into a stable infrastructure model which has been kept fundamentally unchanged, using discrete embedded systems (such as Programmable Logic Controllers) to implement the first line of sensorization, actuation and process control and stations and servers providing monitoring, supervision, logging/database and data sharing capabilities, among others. More recently, with the emergence of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and the need for more flexibility, there has been a steady trend towards virtualizing some of the automation station/server components, first by using virtual machines and, more recently, by using container technology. This trend is pushing for better support for real-time requirements on enabling virtualization technologies such as virtual machines and containers. This paper provides a systematic review on the use of container virtualization in real-time environments such as cyber-physical systems, assessing how existing and emerging technologies can fulfil the associated requirements. Starting by reviewing fundamental concepts related to container technology and real-time requirements it goes on to present the methodology and results of a systematic study of 37 selected papers covering aspects related to the enforcement of real-time constrains within container hosts and the expected task latency on such environments, as well as an overview of container platforms and orchestration mechanisms for RT systems.

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Design and Evaluation of a Low-Latency CPC Environment for Virtual IEDs

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

Smart Substation Communications and Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey

Container-based Virtualization for Real-time Industrial Systems—A Systematic Review

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