Design and Evaluation of Polymeric Ocular Drug Delivery System

Abstract

In the recent years, great efforts are being directed towards the refabrication of existing drug molecules in a fashion, capable of solving problem related to poor water solubility, poor bioavailability, dosing problem, stability, toxicity etc. This trend of working has led to the development of new drug delivery system. Eye, as a portal for drug delivery is generally used for the local therapy as against systemic therapy in order to avoid the risk of eye damage from high blood concentrations of drug, which are not intended for eye. 1)Most of the ocular treatments call for the topical administration of ophthalmically active drugs to the tissues around the ocular cavity. Several types of dosage forms can be applied as the delivery systems for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed conventional ocular dosage forms for the delivery of drugs are eye drops, eye ointments and suspensions have major disadvantages like poor bioavailability due to rapid precorneal elimination, normal tears turnover and conjunctiva absorption, frequent instillation of concentrated medication, side effects due to systemic absorption of drugs, blurred vision due to presence of viscous vehicles.2) The present study aims at formulating ocular inserts using biodegradable polymers to overcome the drawbacks of conventional eye preparations.The ocular insert presents valuable assets such as increasing contact time, reduced number of administrations, possibility of providing a prolonged drug release and thus a better efficacy, reduction of systemic side effects and thus reduced adverse effects.3) In order to improve drawbacks associated with conventional dosage form, it is desired that an alternative way of administration is needed to enhance the bioavailability of drug. Ocular inserts of polymeric materials which can release the drug at preprogrammed rate 4) without interference with the normal vision can serve this purpose. Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientists. Although very few ophthalmic formulations containing bioadhesive or penetration enhancer are commercially available in the market, research in this area has provided a new impetus and dynamism, as never before, for the development of modified or novel ophthalmic formulations, with the promise of new and exciting directions in the field of formulations technology.5) Eye is a unique organ and drug administration is a challenging task. Eye is prone to number of diseases; some of them are blepharitis, conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, trachoma, iritis, and corneal ulceration. Bacteria are the causative pathogens for a large number of eye disorders. The anatomy and physiology of the eye render this organ exquisitely impervious to foreign substances.6) The challenge to the formulator is to circumvent the protective barriers of the eye without causing permanent tissue damage. The development of newer, more sensitive diagnostic techniques and therapeutic agents render urgency to the development of ma...

In vitro dissolution/release methods for mucosal delivery systems

“…The volume of receptor media is usually between 20 and 100 ml and stirring conditions are ranging from 50 to 150 rpm. Using dialysis method, a good IVIVC was found for gatifloxacin release from ocular inserts [47]. Level A IVIVC was also achieved for paracetamol release from suppository formulation using similar apparatus setup [48].…”

Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Antiacne Dapsone Gel

“…The samples withdrawn were uv-spectrophotometrically estimated at 293nm against their respective blank. [16] www.wjpps.com rpm. [17] Stability study All the selected formulations were subjected to a stability testing for the period of three months as per ICH norms at a temperature of 40 ± 2ºC and 75±5% RH.…”

A Way to Increase Effectiveness of Paracetamol Drug Through Transdermal Patch

“…At periodic interval, the samples were taken and the drug content was analyzed at 249 nm against reference standard using PBS pH 7.4 as a blank on a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Inc., Japan). 16,17 Stability Study Stability study was performed on optimized formulation, according to ICH guidelines by storing replicates of Patches (packaged in aluminium foil) in a humidity chamber, with a relative humidity a temperature of 40±0.5 °C 70±5 RH%. At periodic intervals, the samples were taken out at 0, 15, 45, and 90 days and the period for their degradation of the patch was checked.…”

“…Samples were also analyzed for drug content. 16,17 RESULT AND DISCUSSION Preformulation studies Compatibility study was carried out by using FTIR and DSC by the use of drug & excipients. The Individual IR spectra of pure drug and polymer as well as the combination spectra of the drug and polymer were taken, which indicates that there were no interaction between drug added and polymers when compared with spectrum of paracetamol, as all functional group frequencies were present.…”