Design and fabrication of a new vibration-based electromechanical power generator

El-hami, M.; Glynne‐Jones, Peter; White, NM; Hill, Martyn; Beeby, Steve; James, E Phelps; Brown, A.D.; Ross, J.N.

doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00569-6

Cited by 388 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…El-Hami et al at the University of Southampton, UK [24] describe the simulation, modelling, fabrication and characterization of a vibration-based electromechanical power [24]. and the average power was found to be 157 µW.…”

Section: Macro-scale Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Beeby

Tudor

White

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

2,632

1,468

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This paper reviews the state-of-the art in vibration energy harvesting for wireless, self-powered microsystems. Vibration-powered generators are typically, although not exclusively, inertial spring and mass systems. The characteristic equations for inertial-based generators are presented, along with the specific damping equations that relate to the three main transduction mechanisms employed to extract energy from the system. These transduction mechanisms are: piezoelectric, electromagnetic and electrostatic. Piezoelectric generators employ active materials that generate a charge when mechanically stressed. A comprehensive review of existing piezoelectric generators is presented, including impact coupled, resonant and human-based devices. Electromagnetic generators employ electromagnetic induction arising from the relative motion between a magnetic flux gradient and a conductor. Electromagnetic generators presented in the literature are reviewed including large scale discrete devices and wafer-scale integrated versions. Electrostatic generators utilize the relative movement between electrically isolated charged capacitor plates to generate energy. The work done against the electrostatic force between the plates provides the harvested energy. Electrostatic-based generators are reviewed under the classifications of in-plane overlap varying, in-plane gap closing and out-of-plane gap closing; the Coulomb force parametric generator and electret-based generators are also covered. The coupling factor of each transduction mechanism is discussed and all the devices presented in the literature are summarized in tables classified by transduction type; conclusions are drawn as to the suitability of the various techniques.

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Section: Macro-scale Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the work of El-Hami et al [24], the Southampton team have assessed two prototypes, based on a cantilever structure, but having different combinations of magnets and coils. The initial prototype was based on a moving coil between two fixed magnets and had an overall volume of 0.84 cm 3 .…”

Section: Macro-scale Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Beeby

Tudor

White

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

2,632

1,468

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They report a maximum power of 46 W from the device in a 4 k load from 0.59 m/s 2 acceleration at a resonant frequency of 52 Hz. Previously, El Hami et al [3] presented results from an electromagnetic power generator comprising of cantilever beam with a pair of NdFeB magnets with wire-wound coil fixed between the poles of the magnets. They reported 1 mW of power generated for a 0.24 cm 3 volume at a frequency of 320 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, El Hami et al [3] presented results from an electromagnetic power generator comprising of cantilever beam with a pair of NdFeB magnets with wire-wound coil fixed between the poles of the magnets. They reported 1 mW of power generated for a 0.24 cm 3 volume at a frequency of 320 Hz. Further, Glynne-Jones et al [4] demonstrated working of an assembled electromagnetic power generator, using fixed bulk magnets and moving wire-wound coil fixed on a stainless steel beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Glynne-Jones et al [4] demonstrated working of an assembled electromagnetic power generator, using fixed bulk magnets and moving wire-wound coil fixed on a stainless steel beam. The generator produced a power of 180 W at a frequency of 322 Hz, acceleration of 2.7 m/s 2 and had a volume of 0.84 cm 3 . In recent work, Serre et al [5] used a moving NdFeB magnet on a polyamide film and a fixed planar coil made of aluminum layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, fabrication and test of integrated micro-scale vibration-based electromagnetic generator

Kulkarni

Koukharenko

Tudor

et al. 2008

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

126

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This paper discusses the design, fabrication and testing of electromagnetic microgenerators. Three different designs of power generators are partially micro-fabricated and assembled. Prototype A having a wire-wound copper coil, Prototype B, an electrodeposited copper coil both on a deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) silicon beam and paddle. Prototype C uses moving NdFeB magnets in between two micro-fabricated coils. The integrated coil, paddle and beam were fabricated using standard micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) processing techniques. For Prototype A, the maximum measured power output was 148 nW at 8.08 kHz resonant frequency and 3.9 m/s 2 acceleration. For Prototype B, the microgenerator gave a maximum load power of 23 nW for an acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2 , at a resonant frequency of 9.83 kHz. This is a substantial improvement in power generated over other micro-fabricated silicon-based generators reported in literature. This generator has a volume of 0.1 cm 3 which is lowest of all the silicon-based micro-fabricated electromagnetic power generators reported. To verify the potential of integrated coils in electromagnetic generators, Prototype C was assembled. This generated a maximum load power of 586 nW across 110 load at 60 Hz for an acceleration of 8.829 m/s 2 .

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On the Way to Autonomy: the Wireless‐interrogated and Self‐powered “Smart Patch” System

Galea

Velden

Moss

et al. 2008

Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring

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Composite patches bonded to defective aircraft structures are a recognized cost‐effective repair or reinforcement technique for many types of structural problems, such as metallic cracking, repairing corrosion damage, and reducing fatigue strain at structural hot spots. However, certification concerns limit the application of composite bonded repairs in critical components. For certification and management of repairs to critical structure, the smart patch approach may be a useful approach from the airworthiness perspective in facilitating certification. The smart patch consists of a number of in situ sensors used to monitor the structural condition (health or well‐being) of the patch system and the status of the remaining damage in the parent structure. In summary the smart patch is an in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) technology applied to a composite bonded repaired structure. The demonstration of the smart patch on an operational aircraft offers an excellent vehicle to demonstrate autonomous SHM technology in an operational environment. This article describes the development, evaluation, and implementation of the self‐powered wireless smart patch system, including issues such as system design, functionality and certification testing, and installation. This system had no primary power source (i.e., battery) and was powered instead by energy harvested from the local strain environment. It was wirelessly interrogated using a magnetic transceiver and employed piezoelectric elements for both powering and health monitoring functions. The article gives a brief overview of the various available power‐harvesting techniques considered and discusses several key issues that arose when designing and developing the self‐powered smart patch system, namely, (i) demand—power requirements, (ii) supply—energy generation from vibration or strain‐based sources, and (iii) conversion—issues and efficiencies associated with energy conversion from mechanical to electrical energies. Flight data from the system and lessons learned during the program are also presented.

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Design and fabrication of a new vibration-based electromechanical power generator

Cited by 388 publications

References 7 publications

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications

Design, fabrication and test of integrated micro-scale vibration-based electromagnetic generator

On the Way to Autonomy: the Wireless‐interrogated and Self‐powered “Smart Patch” System

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