Design and fabrication of a catheter magnetic navigation system for cardiac arrhythmias

Flexible Instruments for Endovascular Interventions: Improved Magnetic Steering, Actuation, and Image-Guided Surgical Instruments

“…Today, the system exists as one of the commercially available electromagnetic systems [39] called the catheter guidance control and imaging (CGCI) system, developed by Magnetecs Corporation. A noncommercial system, the Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE) Magnetic Navigation System (MNS) [40] provides real-time navigation of a catheter in a beating heart and is under development by the IEE, Chinese Academy of Sciences. As opposed to the CGCI, the magnetic field of this system is fairly homogeneous in the navigation region, such that only sufficient torque is exerted on a catheter tip.…”

Applications of high magnetic field in interventional medical treatment

“…系统CGCI(catheter guidance, control and imaging system), 它采用8个位置相对固定的电磁体产生三维空 [23,24] 与后退, 其角度精度到1°, 位置精度可达到1 mm [25] , [26,27] . 目前国际上公认, 早发现早治疗是应对癌 (photoacoustic, PA)等, 其优缺点如表1所示 [28] .…”

Recent advances in magnetic targeting based on high magnetic field and magnetic particles

“…The stray field decays inversely with the square of the distance, so high magnetic field strength (≥1.5 T) and gradient (≥20 T/m) are necessary to affect large arteries or veins with relevant high blood flow velocities or deep organ such as the kidney. However, most conventional permanent magnets such as Nd–Fe–B have a theoretical limitation <1.5 T, commonly <1 T, which have an effective targeting depth <5 cm [79]. The electronic solenoid coil, which can generate a much higher magnetic field, but a high field solenoid coil is always accompanied by a huge volume and mass, high power consumption, extra cooling system and finally unrealistic high cost of the whole system.…”

“… In‐vivo experiment data using magnetic targeting system (a) Ablation catheter in the 3D printed heart model, (b , c) Photographs of the in vivo experiment. Reprinted with permission from [79]. Copyright 2016 IEEE Publishing Group…”

“… Structure of magnetic targeting from Liu’s group (a) Configuration of electromagnets, (b) Electromagnets after assembly, (c) Optimised pole faces. Reprinted with permission from [79]. Copyright 2016 IEEE Publishing Group…”