2017
DOI: 10.1117/3.2261461
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Design and Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements with MATLAB

Abstract: IntroductionThis chapter introduces the fundamentals of diffractive optics, the similarities and differences between diffractive and refractive optics, the advantages of diffractive optics, and current challenges in this field. A quick review of the theoretical formulation of diffraction is presented, along with different theoretical approximations and their validity regimes.

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Cited by 42 publications
(41 citation statements)
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“…From this new study, a standard can be reached to decide on the number of phase levels necessary for generating an OAM mode accurately. For a general phase element such as a grating or a Fresnel zone plate, it is well-known from the previous studies that the efficiency can be traded off with a much simpler fabrication procedure involving only two-phase levels [46]. From this study, it is seen that a symmetric phase configuration involving two phase levels is not suitable for generation of a fundamental OAM mode with m = 1 and requires at least three phase levels (n = 3) to obtain a Poynting vector map demonstrating the presence of OAM.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From this new study, a standard can be reached to decide on the number of phase levels necessary for generating an OAM mode accurately. For a general phase element such as a grating or a Fresnel zone plate, it is well-known from the previous studies that the efficiency can be traded off with a much simpler fabrication procedure involving only two-phase levels [46]. From this study, it is seen that a symmetric phase configuration involving two phase levels is not suitable for generation of a fundamental OAM mode with m = 1 and requires at least three phase levels (n = 3) to obtain a Poynting vector map demonstrating the presence of OAM.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For some applications, it is sufficient to modulate only one parameter such as amplitude or phase, whereas in other cases it is desirable to simultaneously modulate one or more parameters to produce an optical beam with particular structure. 43…”
Section: Generation Of Optical Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It should be noted that the binarizing procedure decomposes the incoming field into its Fourier components in the Fourier plane resulting in the generation of several orders. 43 In the case of the SPP, the higher orders have higher topological charge values. This means that the efficiency (the fraction of power that goes into forming the desired beam) is poor.…”
Section: Generation Using Blazed and Diffractive Optical Elementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The designs of the diffractive optical elements are simulated based on the iterative Fouriertransform algorithm (IFTA) method, which is commonly applied to beam shaping design for coherent optical sources, such as, lasers [4] [5]. The basic principle of the IFTA method is shown in the flowchart in Figure 2.…”
Section: (A) Phase Profile Constructionmentioning
confidence: 99%