Design and fabrication of high-efficiency beam splitters and beam deflectors for integrated planar micro-optic systems

Walker, Susan J.; Jahns, Jürgen; Li, Lifeng; Mansfield, William; Mulgrew, P. P.; Tennant, D. M.; Roberts, Charles W.; West, Lawrence C.; Ailawadi, Narinder K.

doi:10.1364/ao.32.002494

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(a) Approach using waveguide holograms (after [15]). (b) Approach using free space optics (after [17]). …”

Section: Planar Diffractive Units For Optical Clock Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Clock Distribution in Electronic Systems

Tewksbury¹,

Hornak²

1997

High Performance Clock Distribution Networks

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Techniques for distribution of optical signals, both free space and guided, within electronic systems has been extensively investigated over more than a decade. Particularly at the lower levels of packaging (intrachip and chip-to-chip), miniaturized optical elements including diffractive optics and micro-refractive optics have received considerable attention. In the case of optical distribution of data, there is the need for a source of optical power and a need for a means of modulating the optical beam to achieve data communications. As the number of optical data interconnections increases, the technical challenges of providing an efficient realization of the optical data interconnections also increases. Among the system signals which might be transmitted optically, clock distribution represents a substantially simplified problem from the perspective of the optical sources required. In particular, a single optical source, modulated to provide the clock signal, replaces the multitude of optical sources/modulators which would be needed for extensive optical data interconnections. Using this single optical clock source, the technical problem reduces largely to splitting of the optical clock beam into a multiplicity of optical clock beams and distribution of the individual clocks to the several portions of the system requiring synchronized clocks. The distribution problem allows exploitation of a wide variety of passive, miniaturized optical elements (with diffractive optics playing a substantial role). This article reviews many of the approaches which have been explored for optical clock distribution, ranging from optical clock distribution within lower levels of the system packaging hierarchy through optical clock distribution among separate boards of a complex system. Although optical clock distribution has not yet seen significant practical application, it is evident that the technical foundation for such clock distribution is well established. As clock rates increase to 1 GHz and higher, the practical advantages of optical clock distribution will also increase, limited primarily by the cost of the optical components used and the manufacturability of an overall electronic system in which optical clock distribution has been selectively inserted.

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“…(a) Approach using waveguide holograms (after [15]). (b) Approach using free space optics (after [17]). …”

Section: Planar Diffractive Units For Optical Clock Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5b illustrates a "planar micro-optic system" described by Walker et al [17]. This example is designed to split an incident beam into four beams, the four beams exiting from the opposite surface as the entering beam.…”

Section: Planar Diffractive Units For Optical Clock Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Clock Distribution in Electronic Systems

Tewksbury¹,

Hornak²

1997

High Performance Clock Distribution Networks

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“…9 On the other hand, holographic gratings 10 can function as beamsplitters and beam deflectors very well. When two gratings are arranged as a substrate-mode hologram, it can function as a polarization beamsplitter 10,11 and it can be used to replace the conventional crystal spatial walk-off polarizer. 12 To mitigate the drawbacks, an alternative type of multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator based on holographic spatial and polarization modules ͑HMs͒ is proposed in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator

Hsieh

2008

Opt. Eng

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An alternative type of multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator is proposed. It contains holographic spatial and polarization modules ͑HMs͒, a Lyot-Ohman filter ͑LOF͒, a quarterwave plate, and a mirror. Each HM contains a holographic spatial walk-off polarizer, a half-wave plate, and a glass plate. The LOF consists of three half-wave plates and three identical pairs of crystals. The functions of the HM and the LOF are described. Then, the operating principle and the performance of this quasicirculator are described and discussed. In this circulator, the signals in the even and odd channels can circulate with opposite handedness regardless of signal polarizations. It offers a high isolation level, polarization independence, low polarization-mode dispersion, parallel input/output ports and ease of increasing the number of ports.

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“…array illumination, multiple imaging in digital microoptics, optical information processing, laser processing, etc. [28,29]. A large number of these applications require an efficient use of the available light and therefore the grating is often chosen to be a phase grating rather than an amplitude grating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%