Design and Fabrication of Open-Tubular Array Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polypyrrole Modified With Crown Ethers for Simultaneous Determination of Alkylamines

Abstract

Some crown ethers including 15C5, B15C5, 18C6 and DCy18C6 were used to modify nanostructure polypyrrole film. Crown ether modified polypyrrole (PPy-C) gas sensor have been prepared by physical precipitation of crown ethers on surfaces of the polypyrrole-polyester fibers. The morphology of the resulting PPy sensors was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the type of crown ethers on the conductivity and response patterns of the PPy-C sensors were studied. An array of sensors has been constructed using four modified polypyrrole sensors. The arrays were used for simultaneous determination of four types of amine including butylamine, isobutylamine, propylamine and isopropyl amine. The principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to test the orthogonalilty of the responses of the sensors. The results of the PCA technique revealed that the developed sensors are orthogonally sensitive to different types of amines. Sixteen mixtures of amines were prepared and the responses of the array sensor were recorded for each mixture. A perceptron artificial neural network with 4-2-4 architecture has been used for correlating the responses of sensors to concentration of amines in gas phase. The developed multivariate model was used for simultaneous determination of amines and the relative standard errors were less than 10%. The present work suggests the applicability of Bayesian regularized neural networks as robust modeling techniques for correlating the responses of sensor arrays to concentration profiles of alkylamines.

Simultaneous analysis of some volatile compounds in food samples by array gas sensors based on polypyrrole nano-composites

“…The RR was calculated by (R Ϫ R 0 )/R 0 , where R 0 and R denote the initial resistance and real-time resistance of the sensor when it is exposed to an analyte gas, respectively. The array sensor was tested with diacetyl, lactic acid and acetic acid, and the selectivity, sensitivity and figure of merits for gas samples were also analyzed (Alizadeh et al, 2015;Alizadeh, 2010, 2011).…”

Electrospun soluble conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles for fabrication of highly selective n-butylamine gas sensor

“…Table 2 illustrates detection limits obtained from other gas sensors used for determination of n-butylamine. As the results show, the detection limit of Es-PPy sensor is comparable and in most cases even better than the other sensors developed for determination of n-butylamine [47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

“…V2O5 nanofibres 0.03 [47] Chemiresistor Polypyrrole modified with crown ethers 13.17 [48] Optical sensor Dimer-monomer equilibrium of indium(III) octaethylporphyrin in a polymeric film 0.10 [49] Fluorescence sensor Two-component gels 3.40 [50] Fluorescence sensor Fibrous film of a two-component organogel 1.16 [51] Liquid crystal-based optical sensor 5CB doped with 0.1 wt% lauric aldehyde 10.00 [52] Chemiresistor Electrospun PPy film 0.42 This work…”

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for enhancing the conducting properties of polypyrrole coated nylon fabric

“…4 In addition to that, owing to the unique electronic, electrical, and optical properties of these conjugated materials, several potentials, technological and commercial properties such as bio-sensing devices, chemical sensors, electromechanical actuators, photovoltaic materials, capacitors, batteries, biological sensors, and organic light emitting diodes. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, key obstacles for commercial application of PPy coated textiles have been degradation and poor adhesion of the coating to the fiber surface. Changing the surface chemistry of the fiber, polymer-fiber interaction and the binding strength can be improved.…”