Design and fabrication of temperature-tolerant micro bio-robot driven by insect heart tissue

Akiyama, Yoshitake; Hoshino, Takayuki; Iwabuchi, Kikuo; Morishima, Keisuke

doi:10.1109/mhs.2010.5669565

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We attributed the difference to three possible causes: The actual stiffness of the PDMS, which depends on the baking time and temperature, differed from the stiffness assumed in the simulation; there was variability of the contractile force among individual DV tissues; and the DV tissue was damaged during assembly. Even so, when we compared our displacement with other displacements obtained previously, approximately 30 µm (PDMS pillar) [28], 25 µm (PDMS pillar) [22], and 120 µm (actuator in air) [20], our displacement was larger. Even so, when we compared our displacement with other displacements obtained previously, approximately 30 μm (PDMS pillar) [28], 25 μm (PDMS pillar) [22], and 120 μm (actuator in air) [20], our displacement was larger.…”

Section: Motion Analysis Of the Swimming Robot Tail Finmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Insect Muscular Tissue-Powered Swimming Robot

et al. 2019

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Bio-actuators that use insect muscular tissue have attracted attention from researchers worldwide because of their small size, self-motive property, self-repairer ability, robustness, and the need for less environment management than mammalian cells. To demonstrate the potential of insect muscular tissue for use as bio-actuators, three types of these robots, a pillar actuator, a walker, and a twizzer, have been designed and fabricated. However, a model of an insect muscular tissue-powered swimming robot that is able to float and swim in a solution has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this paper, we present a prototype of an insect muscular tissue-powered autonomous micro swimming robot that operates at room temperature and requires no temperature and pH maintenance. To design a practical robot body that is capable of swimming by using the force of the insect dorsal vessel (DV), we first measured the contraction force of the DV. Then, the body of the swimming robot was designed, and the design was confirmed by a simulation that used the condition of measured contraction force. After that, we fabricated the robot body using polydimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS). The PDMS body was obtained from a mold that was fabricated by a stereo lithography method. Finally, we carefully attached the DV to the PDMS body to complete the assembly of the swimming robot. As a result, we confirmed the micro swimming robot swam autonomously at an average velocity of 11.7 µm/s using spontaneous contractions of the complete insect DV tissue. These results demonstrated that the insect DV has potential for use as a bio-actuator for floating and swimming in solution.2 of 15 considerable attention, and bio-hybrid microdevices (the body structure can be made from polymer) were reported, including a pillar actuator and micro heart pumps [7][8][9][10][11], and different kinds of robots, including walking and swimming robots [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].However, these mammalian muscle cells and tissue-integrated devices require precise environmental control to keep the contractile ability of the muscle cells. The culture medium must be replaced often, and the pH and temperature of the medium must be strictly controlled around 7.4 • C and 37 • C, respectively [20,21]. On the other hand, the tissues of insects are generally robust over a much wider range of living conditions compared with those of mammals. Baryshyan et al. [21] and Akiyama et al. [22] selected the insect tissue and the dorsal vessel (DV) as a bio-actuator. The DV is a central pulsating blood vessel located along the back of an insect, and it acts as a heart. This means that the DV autonomously contracts at a constant frequency without any kind of control or stimuli. The DV tissue was used to demonstrate a micro-pillar actuator [22,23], a walking robot [24], and an atmospheric-operable bio-actuator [20], which worked at room temperature for 90 days without medium replacement [23]. In these studies, this kind of actuator was also capable of working at temperatures from 5 to 40 •...

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Section: Motion Analysis Of the Swimming Robot Tail Finmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…As described in our previous reports [20,22,28,29], we used the final stage larvae of lepidopteran inchworms, Ctenoplusia agnate ( Figure S1A). The inchworms were raised at room temperature (from 20-25 • C) on an artificial diet.…”

Section: Insect and Its DV Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Muscular Tissue-Powered Swimming Robot

et al. 2019

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“…Insect-derived bio-bots may be superior to bio-bots constructed from mammalian tissues or cells because insect tissue is tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions. For example, Ctenoplusia agnate dorsal vessel tissues (DVT) were found to contract in vitro at 5-35 • C (Akiyama et al, 2008c) and Manduca sexta muscle cells maintain contractions at 15-37 • C and at pH values ranging from 5.5 to 7.5 (Baryshyan et al, 2014). Furthermore, insect muscle tissue can contract without external stimuli or media refreshment for extended periods (18, 30, 90, and 250 days have been reported for various species) (Akiyama et al, 2008a(Akiyama et al, ,b, 2009.…”

Section: Bioactuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities for Engineered Insect Tissue as a Food Source

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et al. 2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Due to significant environmental concerns associated with industrial livestock farming, it is vital to accelerate the development of sustainable food production methods. Cellular agriculture may offer a more efficient production paradigm by using cell culture, as opposed to whole animals, to generate foods like meats, eggs, and dairy products. However, the cost-effective scale-up of cellular agriculture systems requires addressing key constraints in core research areas: (1) cell sources, (2) growth media, (3) scaffolding biomaterials, and (4) bioreactor design. Here we summarize work in the area of insect cell cultures as a promising avenue to address some of these needs. We also review current applications of insect cell culture and tissue engineering, provide an overview of insect myogenesis and discuss various properties of insect cells that indicate suitability for use in food production systems. Compared to mammalian or avian cultures, invertebrate cell cultures require fewer resources and are more resilient to changes in environmental conditions, as they can thrive in a wide range of temperature, pH and osmolarity conditions. Alterations necessary for large-scale production are relatively simple to achieve with insect cells, including immortalization, serum-free media adaptation and suspension culture. Additional benefits include ease of transfection, nutrient density, and relevance to seafood organisms. To advance insect-based tissue engineering for food purposes, it is necessary to develop methods to regulate the differentiation of insect cells into relevant cell types, characterize cell interactions with biomaterials with an eye toward 3D culture, design supportive bioreactor systems and quantify nutritional profiles of cultured biomass.

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“…The microactuator can effectively function at temperatures from 5 to 40 °C and can operate continuously for 90 days when given excess medium. 12 This air-operating bioactuator (AOB) had a coating of L-paraffin which allowed it to overcome the issues arising from the evaporation of the medium and the drying of biological components.…”

Section: Insect Muscle Bioactuator Operating In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%