Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Wireless Sensor/Actuator Communication System

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, Design Principles, and Technical Approaches

“…The good characteristics of the ZigBee are extremely low energy consumption and support for several different topologies, which makes it a good candidate for several sensor network applications [1]. However, in [5], it is reported that ZigBee cannot meet all the requirements for at least some industrial applications. For example, it cannot serve the high number of nodes within the specified cycle time.…”

“…With the proper API, the underlying network complexity can be transparent to the endusers who are experts in their specific application domain but not necessarily experts in networking and wireless communications. Moreover, the deployed sensor network should be able to integrate seamlessly with the legacy fieldbus systems existing in the most of industrial facilities [5], [22].…”

Towards Reliable Wireless Industrial Communication With Real-Time Guarantees

“…2), one shortened delay bound ( ) for the ordinary transmission of all packets belonging to one message, e.g., three packets as in the example shown in Fig. 2, and one delay bound ( ) that renders possible the retransmission of a certain number of these three packets, and therefore it can be formally defined as (1) When mapping transport-layer channels onto network-layer channels, all parameters of can be set to the corresponding values of with the exception of the delay bound, where instead we have (2) Targeting an improvement of the experienced MER in the network, retransmission channels are added which, when needed, can be used by any real-time channel. Those retransmission channels are also defined as traffic flows:…”

“…However, the advantages of wireless communication solutions have lately become interesting also for industrial networks. The need for reduced cabling, which leads to both the possibility of faster setup times for equipment and the possibility of communication in areas too harsh for using cables, and the added mobility have triggered research on the use of wireless communication in industrial systems like production systems including robots [2], control loops [3]- [5], and other automation applications [6]. Even while still using existing fieldbus standards, wireless alternatives have been studied as a substitute for cables [7]- [9].…”

Latency and Packet Loss of an Interferred 802.15.4 Channel in an Industrial Environment

“…Nevertheless, we see the emergence of wireless communication standards aimed at the industrial environment, the two most discussed standards are Wireless Hart [1] and ISA 100 [2]. We also find a number of wireless communication products directly tailored to industrial usage, one example is the Wisa technology from ABB [3], [4] other examples are available from Honeywell and others.…”