Design and Implementation of a Variable Synthetic Inertia Controller for Wind Turbine Generators

Bonfiglio, Andrea; Invernizzi, M.; Labella, Alessandro; Procopio, Renato

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2865958

Cited by 87 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There are two types of hidden inertia emulation controls: (i) one loop and (ii) two loops. In the first case, an additional power ∆P based on the ROCOF is added to P M P P after a generation deficit, thus, reducing the generator speed and releasing the stored kinetic energy of the rotating blades [147,148,149]. The drawback of this control strategy is that frequency is not restored to its nominal value [150].…”

Section: Wind Power Plant Frequency Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

Fernández‐Guillamón

Gómez‐Lázaro

Muljadi

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

361

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditionally, inertia in power systems has been determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. During the last decade, the integration of renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic installations and wind power plants, has led to a significant dynamic characteristic change in power systems. This change is mainly due to the fact that most renewables have power electronics at the grid interface. The overall impact on stability and reliability analysis of power systems is very significant. The power systems become more dynamic and require a new set of strategies modifying traditional generation control algorithms. Indeed, renewable generation units are decoupled from the grid by electronic converters, decreasing the overall inertia of the grid. 'Hidden inertia', 'synthetic inertia' or 'virtual inertia' are terms currently used to represent artificial inertia created by converter control of the renewable sources. Alternative spinning reserves are then needed in the new power system with high penetration renewables, where the lack of rotating masses directly connected to the grid must be emulated to maintain an acceptable power system reliability. This paper reviews the inertia concept in terms of values and their evolution in the last decades, as well as the damping factor values. A comparison of the rotational grid inertia for traditional and current averaged generation mix scenarios is also carried out. In addition, an extensive discussion on wind and photovoltaic power plants and their contributions to inertia in terms of frequency control strategies is included in the paper.

show abstract

Section: Wind Power Plant Frequency Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

Fernández‐Guillamón

Gómez‐Lázaro

Muljadi

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

361

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hidden inertia emulation control usually includes two different loops: one considering the RoCoF and the other considering the frequency excursion (∆p ∝ RoCoF & ∆ f ) [41][42][43]. However, there are also proposals to use only one additional loop, being ∆p ∝ RoCoF [44][45][46]. Even though these methods improved the nadir frequency (minimum value), a little frequency dip was observed in later stages.…”

Section: Vswts Frequency Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lack of synchronous inertia, associated with the relevant penetration of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) into isolated power systems, has increased their vulnerability to strong frequency deviations. In fact, the activation of load shedding schemes is a common practice when an incident occurs, i.e., the outage of a conventional unit. Under this framework, wind power plants should actively contribute to frequency stability and grid reliability. However, the contribution of VSWTs to frequency regulation involves several drawbacks related to their efficiency and equipment wear due to electrical power requirements, rotational speed changes, and subsequently, shaft torque oscillations. As a result, wind energy producers are not usually willing to offer such frequency regulation. In this paper, a new control technique is proposed to optimize the frequency response of wind power plants after a power imbalanced situation. The proposed frequency controller depends on different power system parameters through a linear regression to determine the contribution of wind power plants for each imbalance condition. As a consequence, VSWTs frequency contribution is estimated to minimize their mechanical and electrical efforts, thus reducing their equipment wear. A group of sixty supply-side and imbalance scenarios are simulated and analyzed. Results of the case study are compared to previous proposals. The proposed adaptive control reduces the maximum torque and rotational speed variations while at the same time maintaining similar values of the load shedding program. Extensive results and discussion are included in the paper.

show abstract

“…It works in a standalone scenario and responds to dispatch orders from the upper-level operator. The wind power system can be transformed into a grid-friendly wind turbine generator by integrating VI-based inverters [78]. It is applicable for both PMSG and DFIG machines to equip them with VI and fault-ride through capabilities.…”

Section: Grid-connected Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia-Based Inverters for Mitigating Frequency Instability in Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System: A Review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study paper presents a comprehensive review of virtual inertia (VI)-based inverters in modern power systems. The transition from the synchronous generator (SG)-based conventional power generation to converter-based renewable energy sources (RES) deteriorates the frequency stability of the power system due to the intermittency of wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation. Unlike conventional power generation, the lack of rotational inertia becomes the main challenge to interface RES with the electrical grid via power electronic converters. In the past several years, researchers have addressed this issue by emulating the behavior of SG mathematically via pulse width modulation (PWM) controller linked to conventional inverter systems. These systems are technically known as VI-based inverters, which consist of virtual synchronous machine (VSM), virtual synchronous generator (VSG), and synchronverter. This paper provides an extensive insight into the latest development, application, challenges, and prospect of VI application, which is crucial for the transition to low-carbon power system.

show abstract

Design and Implementation of a Variable Synthetic Inertia Controller for Wind Turbine Generators

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation

Virtual Inertia-Based Inverters for Mitigating Frequency Instability in Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About