Design and implementation of a CMO 802.11n SoC

Sankaran, Swaminathan; Zargari, M.; Nathawad, L.Y.; Samavati, H.; Mehta, S.; Kheirkhahi, A.; Chen, P.; Gong, Ke; Vakili-Amini, B.; Hwang, J.; Chen, S.-W.M.; Terrovitis, Manolis; Kaczynski, B.; Limotyrakis, S.; Mack, M.; Gan, H.; Lee, M.; Chang, R.T.; Doğan, Hakan; Abdollahi-Alibeik, S.; Baytekin, B.; Onodera, K.; Mendis, S.; Chang, Andrew; Rajavi, Yashar; Jen, S.H.; Su, D.K.; Wooley, B.A.

doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.4907420

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, the clock switching delay depends on the PLL settling time of each RF chain. Modern MIMO transceivers may either allow the RF chains to share the same PLL [27], or equip each RF chain with a separate PLL [28]. In the former case, the switching delay is fixed and shared among all RF chains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

Zhang

Shin

2012

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

145

140

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Abstract-WiFi interface is known to be a primary energy consumer in mobile devices, and idle listening (IL) is the dominant source of energy consumption in WiFi. Most existing protocols, such as the 802.11 power-saving mode (PSM), attempt to reduce the time spent in IL by sleep scheduling. However, through an extensive analysis of real-world traffic, we found more than 60 percent of energy is consumed in IL, even with PSM enabled. To remedy this problem, we propose Energy-Minimizing idle Listening (E-MiLi) that reduces the power consumption in IL, given that the time spent in IL has already been optimized by sleep scheduling. Observing that radio power consumption decreases proportionally to its clock rate, E-MiLi adaptively downclocks the radio during IL, and reverts to full clock rate when an incoming packet is detected or a packet has to be transmitted. E-MiLi incorporates sampling rate invariant detection, ensuring accurate packet detection and address filtering even when the receiver's sampling clock rate is much lower than the signal bandwidth. Further, it employs an opportunistic downclocking mechanism to optimize the efficiency of switching clock rate, based on a simple interface to existing MAC-layer scheduling protocols. We have implemented E-MiLi on the USRP software radio platform. Our experimental evaluation shows that E-MiLi can detect packets with close to 100 percent accuracy even with downclocking by a factor of 16. When integrated with 802.11, E-MiLi can reduce energy consumption by around 44 percent for 92 percent of users in real-world wireless networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

Zhang

Shin

2012

IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput.

145

140

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“…Fortunately, Atheros has a good publication record before it was acquired by Qualcomm [40], [41], [42], [43]. Based on these public documents and our in-depth study of QCA9300's open-source driver (codenamed ath9k [44]), we piece together a detailed QCA9300 baseband design as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A the Architecture Of Qca9300mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 2.4GHz band, the NIC has to support 802.11b/g/n standards at the same time, but the 22MHz bandwidth of 802.11b is incompatible with the 20 or 40MHz bandwidth of 802.11g/n. QCA9300 adopts multi-rate design to simultaneously accommodate 802.11b/g/n protocols in the 2.4GHz band [41], [43]. QCA9300 boosts f digi bb , f rx adc , and f tx dac by 1.1x to 44/88/176MHz.…”

Section: B Major Design Highlights Of Qca9300mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating the Barriers: Demystifying Wi-Fi Baseband Design and Introducing the PicoScenes Wi-Fi Sensing Platform

Jiang¹,

Luan²,

Ren³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Research on Wi-Fi sensing over the past decade has been thriving, but not smooth. Three major barriers severely hamper the research, namely, the unknown baseband design and its influence on CSI, inability to access the low-level hardware controls and the lack of a flexible and versatile software toolkit for hardware control. This paper tries to break the above three barriers from the following aspects. First, an in-depth study on the baseband design of QCA9300, the popular CSI-enabled Wi-Fi NIC, is presented. The lessons learned is of great guiding significance for understanding what other commercial off-theshelf NICs. Second, several valuable features of QCA9300 are unlocked for research, such as the arbitrary tuning for both the carrier frequency and baseband sampling rate. By leveraging the unlocked features, we identify three important types of CSI distortion, and pinpoint their origin through extensive evaluations. Last, we develop and release PicoScenes, a powerful, hardwareunified and extensible Wi-Fi sensing system. PicoScenes allows direct access to the unlocked features of QCA9300 and IWL5300, and therefore greatly facilitate the research on Wi-Fi sensing. It also supports the SDR-based Wi-Fi sensing by embedding a 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax software baseband implementation. We release PicoScenes at https://zpj.io/ps.

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“…In conjunction with MAC layer improvements such as aggregating data, the 802.11n standard supports PHY data rates as high as 600 Mb/s with four spatial streams [1]. Although the 802.11n standard supports up to 4 data (spatial) streams, supporting such a high number of data streams directly impacts silicon and package size, board complexity, and BOM, which translates to higher cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2×2 MIMO 802.11 b/g/n WLAN SOC in 55nm CMOS for AP/Router application

Lin

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-Sscc)

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A single-chip 2x2 MIMO 802.11 b/g/n compliant WLAN AP/Router system-on-a chip(AP/Router SOC) that integrates all RF, analog, digital PHY, MAC, CPU and 5-port Ethernet functions as well as all necessary peripheral blocks has been integrated in 55nm CMOS. To reduce rBOM and PCB design complexity, two high power CMOS PAs, LNAs, and T/R switches are integrated for the MIMO transceiver. The radio transmits 22.4 dBm CCK mask compliant power and delivers 19dBm with EVM= -30dB at HT20 and 18dBm with EVM= -30dB at HT40. CCK RX sensitivity at the shared antenna port is -99dBm at 1Mbps rate, while CCK RX sensitivity is -100dBm at the auxiliary LNA path.

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Design and implementation of a CMO 802.11n SoC

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

Eliminating the Barriers: Demystifying Wi-Fi Baseband Design and Introducing the PicoScenes Wi-Fi Sensing Platform

A 2×2 MIMO 802.11 b/g/n WLAN SOC in 55nm CMOS for AP/Router application

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Design and implementation of a CMO 802.11n SoC

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

E-MiLi: Energy-Minimizing Idle Listening in Wireless Networks

Eliminating the Barriers: Demystifying Wi-Fi Baseband Design and Introducing the PicoScenes Wi-Fi Sensing Platform

A 2&#x00D7;2 MIMO 802.11 b/g/n WLAN SOC in 55nm CMOS for AP/Router application

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A 2×2 MIMO 802.11 b/g/n WLAN SOC in 55nm CMOS for AP/Router application