Design and implementation of an internal stress wave force balance in a shock tunnel

Robinson, Matthew; Schramm, Jan Martinez; Hannemann, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s12567-010-0003-5

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A considerable number of geometries were examined to construct an appropriate measurement element of the axial force, which has higher precision and accuracy. For the impulse facility, such as the hypersonic shock tunnel, several researchers measured the axial force by using a special bal- ance, e.g., the accelerometer balance [7], stress wave force balance [8][9][10], free-flight measurement technique [11][12][13], and compensated balance [14], because the test time is short. Thus, a sufficient number of cycles cannot be obtained during a shock tunnel run.…”

Section: Axial Force Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a pulse-type strain gauge balance for a long-test-duration hypersonic shock tunnel

2016

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When the measurement of aerodynamic forces is conducted in a hypersonic shock tunnel, the inertial forces lead to low-frequency vibrations of the model, and its motion cannot be addressed through digital filtering because a sufficient number of cycles cannot be obtained during a tunnel run. This finding implies restrictions on the model size and mass as the natural frequencies are inversely proportional to the length scale of the model. Therefore, the force measurement still has many problems, particularly for large and heavy models. Different structures of a strain gauge balance (SGB) are proposed and designed, and the measurement element is further optimized to overcome the difficulties encountered during the measurement of aerodynamic forces in a shock tunnel. The motivation for this study is to assess the structural performance of the SGB used in a long-test-duration JF12 hypersonic shock tunnel, which has more than 100 ms of test time. Force tests were conducted for a large-scale cone with a 10 • semivertex angle and a length of 0.75 m in the JF12 long-test-duration shock tunnel. The finite element method was used for the analysis of the vibrational characteristics of the Model-Balance-Sting System (MBSS) to ensure a sufficient number of cycles, particularly for the axial force signal during a shock tunnel run. The higher-stiffness SGB used in the test shows good performance, wherein the frequency of the MBSS increases because of the stiff construction of the balance. The experimental results are compared with the data Communicated by K. Hannemann and A. Higgins.

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Section: Axial Force Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the natural frequencies, the better the justification for the neglected acceleration compensation. For such test conditions, many balance experts proposed several special balances to measure aerodynamic forces in a shock tunnel [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a pulse-type strain gauge balance for a long-test-duration hypersonic shock tunnel

2016

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“…The higher the natural frequencies are, the better the justification for the neglected acceleration compensation. For these test conditions, many researchers have proposed several special balances to measure the aerodynamic forces in impulse facilities-i.e., the accelerometer balance [5][6][7], the stress-wave force balance [8][9][10], the free-flight measurement technique [11][12][13][14][15], the compensated balance [16], and the impulse-type strain gauge balance (SGB) [17,18]. Owing to the very short test time, however, mature technology has not been developed for the force measurement in a shock tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional research methods for the dynamic characteristics include dynamic compensation, dynamic decoupling, and frequency dynamic correction to improve the dynamic characteristics of sensors. At present, the common dynamic force tests in a wind tunnel mainly include the rolling missile test [19], model dynamic stability derivative tests [20][21][22][23][24], and shock tunnel test [8]. The current work focuses on the balance design and the high-precision force tests in an impulse facility, such as a shock tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Force-Measurement System Use in Shock Tunnel

Wang

Jiang

2020

Sensors

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The inertial vibration of the force measurement system (FMS) has a large influence on the force measuring result of aircraft, especially on some tests carried out in high-enthalpy impulse facilities, such as in a shock tunnel. When force tests are conducted in a shock tunnel, the low-frequency vibrations of the FMS and its motion cannot be addressed through digital filtering because of the inertial forces, which are caused by the impact flow during the starting process of the shock tunnel. Therefore, this paper focuses on the dynamic characteristics of the performance of the FMS. A new method—i.e., deep-learning-based single-vector dynamic self-calibration (DL-based SV-DSC) of an impulse FMS, is proposed to increase the accuracy of aerodynamic force measurements in a shock tunnel. A deep-learning technique is used to train the dynamic model of the FMS in this study. Convolutional neural networks with a simple structure are applied to describe the dynamic modeling so that the low-frequency vibration signals are eliminated from the test results of the shock tunnel. By validation of the force test results measured in a shock tunnel, the current trained model can realize intelligent processing of the balance signals of the FMS. Based on this new method of dynamic calibration, the reliability and accuracy of force data processing are well verified.

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“…2 The higher the natural frequencies, the better the justification for the neglected acceleration compensation. For such test conditions, many researchers proposed several special balances to measure the aerodynamic forces in the impulse facilities, that is, accelerometer balance, [5][6][7] stress-wave force balance, [8][9][10] free-flight measurement technique, [11][12][13][14][15][16] and compensated balance. 17 Owing to the very short test time, however, the mature technology was undeveloped for the force measurements in a shock tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gasdynamic gun driven by gaseous detonation

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Force tests were conducted at the long-duration-test shock tunnel JF12, which has been designed and built in the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The performance tests demonstrated that this facility is capable of reproducing a flow of dry air at Mach numbers from 5 to 9 at more than 100 ms test duration. Therefore, the traditional internal strain-gauge balance was considered for the force tests use in this large impulse facility. However, when the force tests are conducted in a shock tunnel, the inertial forces lead to low-frequency vibrations of the test model and its motion cannot be addressed through digital filtering because a sufficient number of cycles cannot be found during a shock tunnel run. The post-processing of the balance signal thus becomes extremely difficult when an averaging method is employed. Therefore, the force measurement encounters many problems in an impulse facility, particularly for large and heavy models. The objective of the present study is to develop pulse-type sting balance by using a strain-gauge sensor that can be applied in the force measurement of 100 ms test time, especially for the force test of the large-scale model. Different structures of the S-series (i.e., sting shaped balances) strain-gauge balance are proposed and designed, and the measuring elements are further optimized to overcome the difficulties encountered during the measurement of aerodynamic force in a shock tunnel. In addition, the force tests were conducted using two large-scale test models in JF12 and the S-series strain-gauge balances show good performance in the force measurements during the 100 ms test time.

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Design and implementation of an internal stress wave force balance in a shock tunnel

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Design of a pulse-type strain gauge balance for a long-test-duration hypersonic shock tunnel

Design of a pulse-type strain gauge balance for a long-test-duration hypersonic shock tunnel

Intelligent Force-Measurement System Use in Shock Tunnel

A gasdynamic gun driven by gaseous detonation

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