Design and Implementation of an X-Band Frequency Synthesizer for Radar Applications

Malik, Zahid Yaqoob; Yasin, Mubashar; Kayani, Jahangir K.

doi:10.1109/ibcast.2007.4379898

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[1] A huge number of in-line [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and side inserted 90° MS line-to-RWG transition [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] at various microwave band by inserting a portion of MS line into the rectangular waveguide (RWG) with different impedance matching and field matching methodologies have been already designed, and research is being carryon on these designs for the betterment of RL, IL, fractional BW, VSWR etc. [11][12][13] R. Gupta and P. P. Kumar demonstrate a right-angled Ka-band waveguide to coaxial line transition, which impedance and field matching are achieved through coaxial probe and ridge waveguide for space-borne and military electronic systems. [29] A conventional in-line end-inserted Ka-band integrated microstrip and waveguide in planar form has been designed and realized by Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Conventional Transition Model and Reverse Transition Model for Wireless and Radar Applications

Varshney,

Sharma

2023

SMSJ

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Microstrip line-to-waveguide transitions (MLWT) finds various applications in the field of RADAR engineering, navigation science, medical electronics, household equipment, satellite tracking equipment, wireless communications etc. Conventionally, the MLWT is designed so that the microstrip line is inserted in E-plane and perpendicular to the waveguide’s side wall, while the microstrip probe’s radiating face is towards the waveguide’s open end port. In this paper, an MLWT has been designed for Ka-band applications and the transition has been designed in such a way that the radiating face of the inserted microstrip line probe is towards the short circuit end of the waveguide. The method is called the reverse transition method. The microstrip signal reflected from the short circuit end comes in additive phase with the traveling wave and the strength of the traveling wave increases. MLWT has been developed using this method and results for Ka-band applications are presented in this paper. This work reported more than 20 dB improvement in return loss (RL), 0.1dB improvement in insertion loss (IL) and almost 7 to 8% enhancement in 10dB fractional bandwidth compared to the conventional method. Comparative analysis of the two methods has been shown in tabular form at the end of the paper.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Conventional Transition Model and Reverse Transition Model for Wireless and Radar Applications

Varshney,

Sharma

2023

SMSJ

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“…This example also reveals that the value of (13) is not the proper digital representation of the desired signal frequency (10). This inevitably complicates the interface between the DDS circuit and its host control when a large number of signal frequencies have to be generated over a wide frequency range.…”

Section: Analog Signal Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tens or hundreds of MHz or GHz), but suffer poor frequency accuracy at low frequency ranges. 10 This paper investigates techniques to improve frequency accuracy over a wide frequency range, e.g, from 1Hz (or below) to tens of MHz. It proposes to partition the target frequency range into sub regions and develops techniques that enable the DDS circuit to automatically adjust phase accumulator clock and phase increment value according to the target signal frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Techniques for Direct Digital Synthesis Circuits with Improved Frequency Accuracy Over Wide Frequency Ranges

Leitner

Wang

Tragoudas

2016

J CIRCUIT SYST COMP

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Recently, there is increasing interest in impedance sensors for various applications. Direct digital synthesis (DDS) circuits are commonly used in such sensor circuits for generating stimulus signals, due to advantages of accurate frequency control, drift-free performance, etc. Previously reported DDS circuits for sensor applications typically maintain superb frequency accuracy within relatively small frequency ranges. This paper investigates techniques to improve frequency accuracy over wide frequency ranges. In addition, it presents an analytical framework to estimate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the generated signal and derives guidelines for optimizing DDS circuit configurations. Both simulation and hardware measurement results are presented to validate the derived SNR estimation equation as well as the developed frequency accuracy enhancement techniques.

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“…The RWG-to-coaxial cable, coaxial-to-MS line (Gupta and Kumar, 2020), MS lineto-RWG, MS line-to-strip line, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-MS line, CPW-to-RWG transitions are extensively used for microwave, satellite and mm-wave applications (Varshney and Sharma, 2020). Non-planar hybrid C-band (Huang and Wu, 2012), X-band (Ren et al, 2019;Kaneda et al, 1999;Grabherr and Menzel, 1992;Lin and Wu, 2002;Fang and Wang, 2013), Ku-band (Malik et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2019), K-band (Hassan et al, 2019;Van Heuven, 1976;Aliakbarian et al, 2010), Ka-band (Varshney et al, 2023;Varshney et al, 2022aVarshney et al, , 2022bVarshney et al, , 2022cLi et al, 2012;Shih et al, 1988;Deslandes and Wu, 2001;Tomar et al, 2010;Lin and Wu, 2002;Lou et al, 2008;Tang et al, 2020;Varshney, 2013;Li et al, 2019;Gupta and Kumar, 2020;Tahara et al, 2005), Q-band (Shih et al, 1988;Villegas et al, 1999;Simone et al, 2018), U-band (Kumari and Mondal, 2017), V-band (Varshney et al, 2022a(Varshney et al, , 2022b(Varshney et al, , 2022cShih et al, 1988;Aliakbarian et al, 2010), E-band (Grapher et al, 1994;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RWG-to-coaxial cable, coaxial-to-MS line (Gupta and Kumar, 2020), MS line-to-RWG, MS line-to-strip line, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-MS line, CPW-to-RWG transitions are extensively used for microwave, satellite and mm-wave applications (Varshney and Sharma, 2020). Non-planar hybrid C-band (Huang and Wu, 2012), X-band (Ren et al , 2019; Kaneda et al , 1999; Grabherr and Menzel, 1992; Lin and Wu, 2002; Fang and Wang, 2013), Ku-band (Malik et al , 2010; Liu et al , 2019), K-band (Hassan et al , 2019; Van Heuven, 1976; Aliakbarian et al , 2010), Ka-band (Varshney et al , 2023;Varshney et al , 2022a, 2022b, 2022c; Li et al , 2012; Shih et al , 1988; Deslandes and Wu, 2001; Tomar et al , 2010; Lin and Wu, 2002; Lou et al , 2008; Tang et al , 2020; Varshney, 2013; Li et al , 2019; Gupta and Kumar, 2020; Tahara et al , 2005), Q-band (Shih et al , 1988; Villegas et al , 1999; Simone et al , 2018), U-band (Kumari and Mondal, 2017), V-band (Varshney et al , 2022a, 2022b, 2022c; Shih et al , 1988; Aliakbarian et al , 2010), E-band (Grapher et al , 1994; Sakakibara et al , 2008; Ariffin et al , 2016), W-band (Shih et al , 1988; Villegas et al , 1999; Pérez-Escudero et al , 2020; Nguyen et al , 2005; Murphy, 1984; Ijuka et al , 2002; Shireen et al , 2010; Tong and Stelzer, 2012; Pérez, 2016; Pérez-Escudero et al , 2018; Meyer et al , 2020; Leong and Weinreb, 1999) and D-band MS line to RWG transitions are extensively used for satellite and RADAR applications (Hügler et al , 2020; Hassona, 2018; Hassona et al , 2020; W et al , 2016; Hassona et al , 2017; Hassona et al , 2017). Their type of transitions are mostly three types; one inline transition: MS line insertion along the width or height of the waveguide (Hassan, 2019; …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic slotted SIW-to-MS line transition using mitered end taper for satellite and RADAR communications

Varshney

Sharma

2023

WJE

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Purpose This paper aims to present the design development and measurement of two aerodynamic slotted X-bands back-to-back planer substrate-integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRWG/SIW) to Microstrip (MS) line transition for satellite and RADAR applications. It facilitates the realization of nonplanar (waveguide-based) circuits into planar form for easy integration with other planar (microstrip) devices, circuits and systems. This paper describes the design of a SIW to microstrip transition. The transition is broadband covering the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The design and interconnection of microwave components like filters, power dividers, resonators, satellite dishes, sensors, transmitters and transponders are further aided by these transitions. A common planar interconnect is designed with better reflection coefficient/return loss (RL) (S11/S22 ≤ 10 dB), transmission coefficient/insertion loss (IL) (S12/S21: 0–3.0 dB) and ultra-wideband bandwidth on low profile FR-4 substrate for X-band and Ku-band functioning to interconnect modern era MIC/MMIC circuits, components and devices. Design/methodology/approach Two series of metal via (6 via/row) have been used so that all surface current and electric field vectors are confined within the metallic via-wall in SIW length. Introduced aerodynamic slots in tapered portions achieve excellent impedance matching and tapered junctions with SIW are mitered for fine tuning to achieve minimum reflections and improved transmissions at X-band center frequency. Findings Using this method, the measured IL and RLs are found in concord with simulated results in full X-band (8.22–12.4 GHz). RLC T-equivalent and p-equivalent electrical circuits of the proposed design are presented at the end. Practical implications The measurement of the prototype has been carried out by an available low-cost X-band microwave bench and with a Keysight E4416A power meter in the microwave laboratory. Originality/value The transition is fabricated on FR-4 substrate with compact size 14 mm × 21.35 mm × 1.6 mm and hence economical with IL lie within limits 0.6–1 dB and RL is lower than −10 dB in bandwidth 7.05–17.10 GHz. Because of such outstanding fractional bandwidth (FBW: 100.5%), the transition could also be useful for Ku-band with IL close to 1.6 dB.

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Design and Implementation of an X-Band Frequency Synthesizer for Radar Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

A Comparative Study of Conventional Transition Model and Reverse Transition Model for Wireless and Radar Applications

A Comparative Study of Conventional Transition Model and Reverse Transition Model for Wireless and Radar Applications

Design Techniques for Direct Digital Synthesis Circuits with Improved Frequency Accuracy Over Wide Frequency Ranges

Aerodynamic slotted SIW-to-MS line transition using mitered end taper for satellite and RADAR communications

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